Colquitt County, in south Georgia, was established in 1856 on lands ceded between 1814 and 1818 by the Creek and Seminole Indians. The state’s 115th county, it was created from parts of Thomas and Lowndes counties and named for Walter Terry Colquitt, an attorney, judge, circuit-riding Methodist preacher, and statesman who served Georgia in the state senate, U.S. Senate, and U.S. Congress.

Maps of Colquitt County drawn just seven years after its creation show only two communities, Greenfield (no longer extant) and Moultrie (formerly known as Ochlockney), today the county seat. A number of other communities have come and gone, leaving seven incorporated towns: Berlin, Doerun, Ellenton, Funston, Moultrie, Norman Park, and Riverside.

The courthouse in Moultrie is the county’s fourth. The second burned in 1881 and was replaced with a two-story wooden structure. The current courthouse was built of marble in 1902, and over the years it was remodeled, restored, and expanded. In 1980 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Colquitt County Courthouse
Colquitt County Courthouse

Courtesy of Don Bowman

The region was uninviting at first for settlement. Early maps label it as “Piney Wastes” or “Pine Barrens,” descriptive of the miles and miles of sandy soil then supporting only yellow long-needle pine forests used mainly as a buffer zone between the Creeks and the Seminoles.

Realizing that the soil would not support cotton, the first white settlers started making use of the forest. They cleared land, shipped out the lumber, and harvested pine gum for turpentine. Wood and turpentine were both used in shipbuilding, and thus the region became known as a rich source of naval stores. The arrival of a number of railroads after the Civil War (1861-65) provided both a demand for timber to use as crossties and a method to transport Colquitt’s products to the rest of the country, thus improving the economic situation of the area. Large sawmills were set up along the railroad, attracting many people seeking employment.

Tram Road
Tram Road

Courtesy of Georgia Archives.

By 1910 it became apparent that the forests were disappearing into the sawmills and turpentine stills, leaving abundant tracts of “cut over” land. The county’s first farm agent helped develop a farsighted crop-diversification system known as the “Colquitt County Plan.” This five-year method served as a model for the U.S. Farm Security Administration during the Great Depression, earning the county well-deserved national renown for its progressive planning. Colquitt is still known for its diversity of agricultural crops, among them cattle feed, cotton, peanuts, sugar cane, watermelon, corn, wheat, and other grains.

During the subsequent decade, the county added livestock ranching and meat processing and packing to its economic quiver, as well as tobacco cultivation in 1925. As the century moved along, small farms gave way to huge operations employing numerous farmhands. In 1935, within weeks of the creation of the national Rural Electrification Administration, local leaders established the Colquitt County Rural Electric Company. Soon, Colquitt County was among the first in the country to provide electricity to rural homes and farms.

Tobacco Warehouse
Tobacco Warehouse

Courtesy of Georgia Archives.

When Spence Field, a military airfield from the World War II (1941-45) era, closed in the 1960s, the city of Moultrie bought it and made the site and facilities available for various conferences, fairs, and shows, among them the annual Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition, the world’s largest farm expo with on-site field demonstrations. Among other accomplishments of the 1960s and 1970s were the founding of the Moultrie Area Vocational-Technical School (later Southern Regional Technical College) and the consolidation of all high schools in the county. As in many districts across the state, Colquitt’s schools were desegregated in the 1970s under court order.

Norman Park
Norman Park

Courtesy of Georgia Archives.

Brewton-Parker College extension at Norman Park offers a core curriculum associate degree and education-related bachelor’s degrees. The extension is housed at the Georgia Baptist Conference Center in NormanPark, which is the former home of Norman College. Moultrie Technical College serves both traditional and nontraditional students and offers associate degrees in such applied sciences as accounting, early childhood care, and Internet programming. Of the college’s five campuses, two are in Colquitt County (both in Moultrie).

Notable county residents include U.S. senator Saxby Chambliss and Charles M. Duke, a lunar-module pilot for the Apollo 16 space mission and the tenth man to walk on the moon. Duke received his first flight training at Spence Air Base.

Notable places in Colquitt include the Moose Moss Aquatics Center in Moultrie, which has long produced world-class swimmers and was the training site for the 1996 Olympics. Reed Bingham State Park comprises 1,613 acres, including a 375-acre lake, and is used for picnics, camping, hiking, birding, water sports, and fishing. Half of the park lies in Colquitt County, while the other lies in neighboring Cook County. Five hunting preserves—for deer, dove, duck, quail, and turkey—are also found in the county.

According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Colquitt County is 45,898.

Share Snippet Copy Copy with Citation

Updated Recently

Bernie Marcus

Bernie Marcus

3 weeks ago
Third Day

Third Day

3 weeks ago

A More Perfect Union

The New Georgia Encyclopedia is supported by funding from A More Perfect Union, a special initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Image

Colquitt County Courthouse

Colquitt County Courthouse

The Colquitt County Courthouse, built in 1902, is located in Moultrie. The courthouse, along with the Moultrie Commercial Historic District and several other downtown buildings, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Courtesy of Don Bowman

Tram Road

Tram Road

A tram road, built by the Georgia Northern Railroad to transport timber, ran through Colquitt County in the early 1900s. The timber industry in the county thrived in the decade before the Civil War, with the production of naval stores, and for several decades afterward, with the harvesting of trees to make crossties for the railroads.

Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
clq072.

View on partner site

Tobacco Warehouse

Tobacco Warehouse

Buyers inspect tobacco leaves during an auction held in a Moultrie warehouse, circa 1965. Tobacco cultivation has been an important economic activity in Colquitt County since 1925.

Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
clq063.

View on partner site

Norman Park

Norman Park

Brewton-Parker College, a Baptist institution based in Montgomery County, offers an extension program at Norman Park in Colquitt County. The building originally housed the Norman Institute, a Baptist-affiliated school founded in 1900.

Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
clq046.

View on partner site

Reed Bingham State Park

Reed Bingham State Park

Reed Bingham State Park, located in Colquitt and Cook counties, offers nature trails from which a variety of wildlife, including birds, snakes, and turtles, may be observed.

Image from tom spinker

View on source site