The New Georgia Encyclopedia is supported by funding from A More Perfect Union, a special initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
The Lady Chablis was already a veteran performer on Savannah stages when she was featured in John Berendt's bestseller, Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. Her appearance in the film adaptation that followed resulted in wider fame as critics delighted in Chablis’ eccentricity, her offbeat turns of phrase, and scene-stealing performance.
From Warner Brothers
Jericho Brown is an award-winning poet and creator of the “Duplex” form. In 2024 he won a coveted “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation.
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Jericho Brown's third collection, The Tradition (2019), finds the poet in full bloom as he works with existing and new forms to examine cycles of violence and terror, love and loss. The collection earned Brown a Pulitzer Prize in 2020.
RuPaul Andre Charles was born to Ernestine “Toni” Fontenette and Irving Charles in San Diego, California, on November 17, 1960. His parents, who relocated from the South during the Great Migration, named him after roux, a mixture of flour and fat common in Creole cooking.
Courtesy of Paula Gately Tillman
In 1996 RuPaul became the first drag queen and the first openly gay person to host a national television show with the debut of The RuPaul Show on VH1. The show that launched RuPaul into superstardom, RuPaul’s Drag Race, aired its first episode in 2009. The show’s popularity has helped destigmatize the LGBTQ+ community and provided a platform for gay people to publicly discuss experiences of conversion therapy, becoming HIV positive, and coming out to their families and loved ones, among other important issues.
Courtesy of Paula Gately Tillman
The television version of The American Music Show debuted on Atlanta’s People TV cable station in early 1981. Dick Richards and James Bond co-hosted, with camerawork and production by Potsy Duncan. When Bond left the show in the early 1980s, Potsy Duncan took over as co-host alongside Richards, while Bud “Beebo” Lowry ran the camera and simultaneously co-hosted, made visible on a monitor between Richards and Duncan.
Courtesy of Paula Gately Tillman
Known as the “world’s most famous drag queen,” RuPaul George is a prominent entertainer and television personality. Though he’s most famous for hosting the award-winning RuPaul’s Drag Race, his career began with public access television and club performances in 1980s Atlanta.
Courtesy of Paula Gately Tillman
A group of Georgia Muslim protestors hold prayer at the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer in Midtown Atlanta. Members of multiple faiths gathered there in 2017 to protest immigration restrictions against majority-Muslim nations. Since the September 11th attacks in 2001, many Muslim communities have been subjected to government scrutiny and prejudicial acts.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Area Photographers Collection.
Bilali Mohammed, an enslaved African who lived openly as a Muslim on Sapelo Island, has been a subject of scholarly and popular interest since the nineteenth century. His experience is reflected in the “Bilali Document,” a brief manuscript he wrote concerning Islamic regulations.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Francis R. Goulding papers.
This photograph, taken by Malcolm and Muriel Bell, captures Julius Bailey driving an ox cart along a Sapelo Island road around 1939. The image graces the cover of Drums and Shadows, a study of Black culture in coastal Georgia. Originally published in 1940, the book was reissued by the University of Georgia Press in 1986.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Muriel Barrow Bell and Malcolm Bell, Jr. collection, #GHS 1283-PH-03-02-101.
A native of Sandersville who grew up in Cordele, Elijah Poole moved north in the Great Migration to escape the depredations of Jim Crow. While in Detroit, he heard a speech by the Nation's founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad, that proposed Islam as a tool for Black empowerment. Poole joined the movement, changed his name to Elijah Muhammad and, upon Fard’s death, assumed leadership of the Nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad, pictured here at a podium, preached Black self-sufficiency and pride, arguing that Blacks were God’s original people while whites sprang from the devil.
Image from Wikimedia
As Georgia became more prosperous in the 1970s, an increasing number of Muslim immigrants settled in the state, especially around Atlanta. These immigrants often retained their cultural and organizational distinctiveness by establishing ethnic-oriented masjids (the proper Arabic term for mosques) to worship apart from previously established masjids dominated by African Americans.
Photograph by Engineering Design Technologies
Among the names of enslaved laborers on this Savannah-area planation in 1781 were four with names associated with Islam: Mahomet and Fatima. Mahomet is a Latin version of the name Muhammad, while Fatima was Muhammad’s daughter. Through Islamic names in lists like these and advertisements seeking fugitives from slavery, it is possible to discern the presence of enslaved Muslims in the early South.
From the Royal Georgia Gazette, March 8, 1781.
A scenic road cuts through the wilds of Sapelo Island. The barrier island is home to abundant plant and animal life.
Image from Kevin
Cornelia Bailey gathers silver grass and life everlasting, an herb used by her grandfather to make medicinal tea, on Sapelo Island. Bailey received a 2004 Governor's Award in the Humanities for her efforts to preserve the island's Geechee culture.
Photograph by Richard Cheppy. Courtesy of Cornelia Bailey
Thomas Spalding, a prominent planter and slaveholder, was an agricultural innovator, amateur architect, and businessman in McIntosh County. Spalding relied on enslaved labor to clear and develop Sapelo Island, which he owned.
Famed newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst purchased the Atlanta Georgian in 1912, expanding his media empire into the South for the first time. Hearst brought in staff from his other newspaper holdings across the country to populate the Atlanta newsroom and, by 1914, it had surpassed the Atlanta Constitution in circulation, making it the second most popular newspaper in Atlanta for a brief period.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Edmond Torbush Papers, Southern Labor Archives.
The race massacre of 1906 made international headlines and threatened Atlanta's image as a thriving New South city. The incident, sparked by sensationalized accounts of Black violence, lasted for two nights and resulted in dozens of Black deaths. It was reported in the October 7, 1906, issue of the French publication Le Petit Journal. The original caption translates as "Lynchings in the United States."
The Atlanta Georgian, which circulated daily from 1906 to 1939, was the first newspaper in the South owned by William Randolph Hearst and the most prominent example of yellow journalism in Georgia. Under his ownership, the paper expanded circulation to eight or more editions a day and printed increasingly scandalous headlines and illustrations that dramatized local crimes in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Digital Library of Georgia.
Mildred Seydell was one of the first women in Georgia to work as a professional journalist. A native of Atlanta, Seydell began her career as a correspondent for a West Virginia newspaper before being hired in 1924 as a society-page writer for the Atlanta Georgian.
Courtesy of Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University, Mildred Seydell Papers.
The American Music Show was a weekly television series created and broadcast in Atlanta from 1981 until 2005. One of the longest-running public access cable television programs, it acquired cult status and helped launch the career of RuPaul, who was an early regular on the show.
From Atlanta Studies
The American Music Show's storylines and characters reflect southern tropes, often outrageously rendered, from the perspective of Atlanta’s urban milieu. The fictional Peek family multiplied comically until the family reached mythological proportions. DeAundra Peek, pictured here, went on to host her own cable access show, “DeAundra Peek’s Teenage Music Club,” and perform regularly in Atlanta throughout the 1990s.
Courtesy of Paula Gately Tillman
Graham Jackson Sr. began his musical career with the jazz group the Seminole Syncopaters in Atlanta. He performed for Franklin D. Roosevelt over twenty-four times during his career, and at the president's funeral in 1945.
Courtesy of Auburn Avenue Research Library, Graham Washington Jackson, Sr. papers.
As part of a campaign to expand the roles for African Americans during World War II, Jackson enlisted and served in the Navy from 1942 until the war's end, in 1945.
Courtesy of Auburn Avenue Research Library, Graham Washington Jackson, Sr. papers.
Known as "The Ambassador of Good Will," Graham Jackson Sr. was invited to perform for U.S. presidents throughout his career. Jimmy Carter was the last president for whom Jackson performed.
Courtesy of Auburn Avenue Research Library, Graham Washington Jackson, Sr. papers.
Graham Jackson Sr. performed nightly at Johnny Reb's Dixieland canteen and restaurant in Atlanta until 1967.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Tracy O'Neal Photographic Collection, #N10-23_a.
Founded in 1882 by the Gospel Pilgrim Society, the Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery in Athens, GA provided burial spaces for formerly enslaved individuals.
Image from Wikimedia
Seashells and broken pottery, like these at Antioch Baptist Cemetery in Fayetteville, Georgia, were often used to decorate the graves of African American and formerly enslaved people.
Courtesy of Marlene Koslowsky
Frankie Welch wearing a Cherokee Alphabet dress in front of Duvall House, Alexandria, Virginia, 1968.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Cherokee Alphabet scarf, 1967, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Discover America scarf, ca. 1968, unidentified fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Hubert H. Humphrey scarf, 1968, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Hubert H. Humphrey dress, 1968.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
Frankie flyer, ca. 1975.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Basket Weave Frankie and Turtles Frankie, n.d.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Republican National Convention Frankie and pinafore, 1968.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, (left) Frankie Welch Collection, Rome Area History Center and (right) Frankie Welch Textile Collection, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries.
Models wearing Clyde’s scarf and tie, ca. 1976.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Fifty State Flowers scarf, 1970, cotton.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
National Cherry Blossom Festival, Washington, D.C., scarf, 1970, unidentified fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Collection, Rome Area History Center.
Frankie Welch of Virginia scarf, 1969, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Member of Congress scarf, 1969, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Collection, Historic Clothing and Textile Collection, College of Family and Consumer Science, University of Georgia.
Washington, D.C., scarf design, ca. 1978.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
McDonald’s scarf, 1976, Qiana.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
McCormick scarf, 1977, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
McCormick scarf, 1978, polyester.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Red Cross napachief, 1981, unidentified synthetic fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
National Treasures (Mount Vernon) scarf, 1993, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
BB&T bandana, n.d., cotton.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Betty Ford and Frankie Welch with the Betty Ford scarf, 1975.
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Betty Ford scarf/scarves, 1975, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Frankie Welch, 1987.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
University of Georgia scarf for the President’s Club, 1982, polyester.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
Garden Club of Georgia scarf, 1978, polyester.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Tobacco Institute scarf, 1978, cotton.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Turtles scarf, designed ca. 1971, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Thirteen Original States scarf, designed 1975, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
National Press Club scarf, 1973, unidentified fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Peanut scarf for Governor and Mrs. Jimmy Carter, 1973, silk.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
Scarf for the inauguration of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, 1980, polyester.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Georgia Libraries Association scarf, 1971, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Award-winning author and Poet Laureate of Georgia Chelsea Rathburn has served as an ambassador for the literary arts at events across the state. Since 2019, Rathburn has taught creative writing at Mercer University in Macon and continues to work actively in Georgia's literary community.
From Chelsea Rathburn
In her third collection of poems, Still Life with Mother and Knife (2019), Chelsea Rathburn navigates themes of women's sexuality, mental health, and healing from adolescence to adulthood. The collection was named one of the "Books All Georgians Should Read" by the Georgia Center for the Book and received the 2020 Eric Hoffer Book Award in Poetry.
From Chelsea Rathburn
Chelsea Rathburn's second book, A Raft of Grief (2013), was awarded the 2012 Autumn Press Poetry Prize. In this collection, Rathburn abandons iambics and rhyme in her exploration of personal themes such as marital dysfunction, alcoholism, self-reclamation, and love.
From Chelsea Rathburn
William Walsh's award-winning book of poetry, Fly Fishing in Times Square (2020), centers on themes of place and memory as the speaker seeks to reconcile their past and present.
Courtesy of William Walsh
Author, professor, and editor William Walsh is known for his work as a southern narrative poet and as an interviewer of contemporary authors.
Courtesy of William Walsh
William Walsh's second book, Lost in the White Ruins (2014), examines childhood, regrets of loss, and the search "to find what makes us whole."
Courtesy of William Walsh
William Walsh's first novel, Lakewood, was published in 2022.
Courtesy of William Walsh
Environmental concerns figure prominently in the work of Georgia author Taylor Brown.
Photograph by Benjamin Galland
Taylor Brown's first novel, Fallen Land (2016), follows two youths as they travel from Virginia to the Georgia coast during the Civil War.
St. Martin's Press
Taylor Brown's fourth novel, Pride of Eden (2020), takes place in an animal sanctuary on the Georgia coast and explores the plight of wild animals in the modern world.
St. Martin's Press
Alice Friman entered the Georgia literary scene in 2001 when she read her work for the Georgia Poetry Circuit. A prolific and accomplished writer, she has earned numerous awards including the Pushcart Prize and the Ezra Pound Poetry Award.
Photograph by Lillian Elaine Wilson
In her book The View From Saturn: Poems (2014), Alice Friman explores loss, existentialism, and the natural world.
Poet and Bozart Press publisher Ernest Hartsock was an important figure in Atlanta's literary community during the 1920s.
Courtesy of Philip Weltner Library, Oglethorpe University.
Organizers of the second Atlanta International Pop Festival initially required tickets to enter the gated festival, shown here on opening day, July 3, 1970. However, unruly crowds soon prompted the organizers to allow free entry.
Photograph by Earl McGehee
The crowd at the second Atlanta International Pop Festival in Byron. Estimates vary, but the festival likely attracted between 200,000 and 300,000 people.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Alex Cooley, pictured in 1978, owned and operated a number of the best-known rock venues in Atlanta, including Alex Cooley's Electric Ballroom and the Tabernacle. In 1987 Cooley was inducted as a nonperformer into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
This homemade blacklight poster is designed after the 1970 cover of the Second Annual Atlanta International Pop Festival newspaper.
Photograph by Earl McGehee
This centerfold from the second Atlanta International Pop Festival program showcases artists including Jimi Hendrix, B.B. King, and The Allman Brothers Band.
Photograph by Earl McGehee
The second Atlanta International Pop Festival took place July 3-5, 1970, in Byron.
Photograph by Earl McGehee
Scorching temperatures and high winds marked the second Atlanta International Pop Festival. Firetrucks were brought in to hose down attendees while medics treated sunburns.
Photograph by Earl McGehee
Litter quickly covered the ground at the second Atlanta International Pop Festival in Byron.
Photograph by Earl McGehee
James and Robert Paschal opened Paschal Brothers Soda, a thirty-seat luncheonette at 837 West Hunter Street, in 1947. They are pictured here in 1978.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
In 1967 Paschal’s underwent a major expansion with the addition of a six-story, 120-room motel. Paschal’s Motor Hotel was the first Black-owned hotel in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
Robert Paschal prepares the restaurant's famous fried chicken, the recipe for which remains a secret to this day.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
Representative John Lewis speaks for Atlanta' Concerned Black Clergy at Paschal's Restaurant in 1988. The relationships that James and Robert Paschal built within the city’s Black community made Paschal’s a central meeting spot during the civil rights movement and helped earn the restaurant its reputation as Atlanta’s “Black City Hall.”
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
Reverend Joseph E. Lowery (right) and mayoral candidate Maynard Jackson at a 1989 campaign event at Paschal's Motor Hotel. Paschal’s was a hotbed of political activity for Atlanta’s African American community.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
Shay Younblood is pictured at a Yaddo artist residency in Saratoga Springs, New York. A graduate of Clark College (later Clark Atlanta University), Youngblood has received numerous honors, including a Pushcart Prize, a Lorraine Hansberry Playwriting Award, and several NAACP Theater Awards.
Courtesy of Shay Youngblood, Photograph by Carol Bullard.
Shay Youngblood, from Columbus, writes novels, plays, and shorts stories that center on the lives of Black women. Her plays have been staged in theaters across the country, including numerous productions in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Shay Youngblood, Photograph by Miriam Phields.
Lauren Gunderson, from Decatur, is one of the most produced playwrights in the United States. Atlanta's Essential Theatre produced her first play when she was still in high school.
Anya Krugovoy Silver, a poet and longtime professor at Mercer University, was the author of four collections of poetry. She was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 2018.
Photograph from Mercer University
Silver's second book, I Watched You Disappear (2014), won the Georgia Author of the Year award for poetry.
Michael Bishop was named to the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame in 2018.
Like many of Bishop's works, the 1985 novel Ancient of Days is set in Georgia.
The Secret Ascension: Philip K. Dick is Dead, Alas (1987) imagines a parallel universe in which President Richard Nixon, serving his fourth term, has turned the country into a totalitarian police state.
Augusta native Frank Yerby came to be known as "king of the costume novel" for his successful works of historical fiction.
Courtesy of Digital Library of Georgia, Georgia Historic Newspapers.
Sue Monk Kidd is the author of multiple novels, including The Secret Life of Bees and The Invention of Wings.
Augustin Verot, known as the "Rebel Bishop" for his support of the Confederacy during the Civil War, became bishop of the Diocese of Savannah in 1861 and led the Catholic community through the turbulent years of war and Reconstruction.
Courtesy of Catholic Diocese of Savannah Archives
On January 4, 1861 Augustin Verot delivered a sermon defending the practice of slavery and condemning abolitionism. It was later reprinted as a Confederate tract and circulated throughout the region, earning Verot wide acclaim in southern states.
In the aftermath of the Civil War, Augustin Verot called for Catholic bishops to support the construction of schools and churches for freedmen.
Mirabeau B. Lamar established the Columbus Enquirer as a four-page weekly newspaper in 1828, the same year the Georgia legislature incorporated the city of Columbus. The issue seen here dates from May of that year.
Courtesy of Digital Library of Georgia.
Julian Harris, editor and co-owner, with his wife, Julia, of the Columbus Enquirer-Sun, reads mail at his desk in the late 1920s. Harris, the son of Georgia folklorist Joel Chandler Harris, and his wife jointly won a Pulitzer Prize in 1926 for their reporting in the Enquirer-Sun on state officials with ties to the Ku Klux Klan.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ful0939-85.
The Ledger-Enquirer Building, seen here in the 1930s, was designed by local architecture firm Smith & Biggers. The building was purchased by Columbus State University in 2014.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Steve Penley's second book, Ronald Reagan and the American Ideal, was published in 2010.
From Ronald Reagan and the American Ideal, Steve Penley
William Grimes wrote Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. The first slave narrative printed in the U.S., it was published in New York City in 1825.
Photograph from Dwight C. Kilbourne, The Bench and Bar of Litchfield County, Connecticut, 1709-1909
This map of Savannah River-area rice plantations was created in 1825, the same year William Grimes first published his narrative in New York City. Grimes served six enslavers in Savannah between 1811 and 1815 before escaping to freedom in New England.
Chatham County Map Portfolio, compiled by workers of the Writers program of the Works Projects Administration in the State of Georgia. Sponsored by the Georgia Society of the Colonial Dames of America.
The Student was painted circa 1937. This was about five years after Hutchinson's first large-scale solo exhibition, which was at the High Musuem of Art in Atlanta. She lived in New York at the time.
Courtesy of Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System
The High Museum of Art in Atlanta acquired this painting, painted circa 1933, in 1934 and prominently displayed it through the 1930s. After many years in storage, the museum deaccessioned the work.
Courtesy of Jason Schoen
Mary E. Hutchinson working on a portrait of Don Sheldon, a personal friend, in 1950.
Mary E. Hutchinson's Dream of Violets is a self-portrait she painted circa 1942.
Courtesy of Hutchinson Estate Private Collection
Joanna Lanza, pictured, was Hutchinson's first partner and primary model from 1931 to 1935.
Courtesy of Hutchinson Estate Private Collection
Don Sheldon was Hutchinson's personal friend. He worked as a window dresser for Rich's Department Store in Atlanta. This portrait was made in 1950.
Courtesy of Hutchinson Estate Private Collection
Mary E. Hutchinson attending the Washington Square Sidewalk Show in New York City, circa 1932. Hutchinson's first solo New York exhibition was in 1934. She moved back to Atlanta in 1945.
Space Station III (1989) by Joseph Perrin is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 44 x 37 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Chroma (1974) by Joseph Perrin is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Mixed media, 48 x 60 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Chroma #160 (1989) by Joseph Perrin is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Print (silkscreen), 37 1/4 x 25 1/2 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Shapes and Sky by James McRae is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 30 x 27 1/2 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Cooking Utensils by Ivan F. Bailey is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Iron
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Untitled (1977) by Ivan F. Bailey is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Iron, 11 1/2 x 18 x 8 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Hey Diddle Fiddle (1970) by Byron McKeeby is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Print, 28 x 20 1/4 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Turtlemen with Turtlehooks (1985) by John T. Riddle Jr. is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Print (silkscreen), 28 x 20 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Clubs Is Trumps (date unknown) by John T. Riddle Jr. is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Mixed media, 49 x 35 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Harriet Tubman: Carrying Out the Plan (1981) by John T. Riddle Jr. is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Print
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Harriet Tubman: Carrying Out the Plan (1981) by John T. Riddle Jr. is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Print
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Untitled #74 (date unknown) by Herbert Creecy is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 37 x 37 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Cube (date unknown) by Herbert Creecy is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 42 x 46 1/2 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Study #8 (date unknown) by Herbert Creecy is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 40 1/2 x 36 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Study #44 (date unknown) by Herbert Creecy is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 30 1/2 x 27 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Study #17 (date unknown) by Herbert Creecy is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Print (silkscreen), 31 x 27 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
The Walking Dead televsion series is adaptated from a comic book created in 2003 by Robert Kirkman and Tony Moore. The series premiered on the AMC cable network on October 31, 2010.
The Walking Dead comic book series, created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore, was first published in 2003. The popularity of the comic increased dramatically with the premiere of The Walking Dead television series in 2010, and two years later it had become the best-selling independent comic book series.
Carlotta O'Neill, the wife of playwright Eugene O'Neill, stands outside Casa Genotta, their home on Sea Island. The O'Neills built the house in 1932 and lived there until 1936.
Courtesy of National Park Service
Eugene O'Neill, a prominent playwright, and his wife, Carlotta, are pictured in a portrait by Carl Van Vechten in September 1933. In 1932 the O'Neills built a new home, Casa Genotta, on Sea Island and lived there until 1936. O'Neill wrote several plays during their residence, including his only comedy, Ah Wilderness!, and the first draft of A Touch of the Poet.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Photograph by Carl Van Vechten.
The Georgia Radio Hall of Fame was founded in 2007 to honor the work of Georgia's radio professionals and to preserve the history of Georgia radio.
Courtesy of the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame
Elmo Ellis's 1950s campaign, "Removing the Rust from Radio," encouraged the revitalization of radio in the wake of television's growing popularity. Ellis was honored with a Peabody Award and was inducted into the Georgia Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame.
Courtesy of History of WSB Radio
Sam Hale, cofounder of the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame, welcomes guests to the organization's inaugural induction awards ceremony, held in Atlanta in 2007.
Courtesy of the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame
John Long (left), cofounder of the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame, accepts a commendation from Georgia governor Sonny Perdue (not pictured) at the organization's inaugural induction awards ceremony, held in Atlanta in 2007.
Courtesy of Georgia Radio Hall of Fame
In this photograph, taken by George N. Barnard, Union general William T. Sherman sits astride his horse at Federal Fort No. 7 in Atlanta. Sherman's Atlanta campaign, which lasted through the spring and summer of 1864, resulted in the fall of the city on September 2.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Photograph by George N. Barnard, #LC-DIG-cwpb-03628.
Five enslaved people are pictured at Turnwold Plantation, the Eatonton estate of Joseph Addison Turner. Writer Joel Chandler Harris, who lived at Turnwold during the Civil War, drew upon his experiences there to write his Uncle Remus tales, as well as his autobiographical novel On the Plantation.
Margaret Mitchell's epic Civil War love story, Gone With the Wind, was published in June 1936. Mitchell was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for the novel in May 1937.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Philip Lee Williams, a native of Madison, won the 2004 Michael Shaara Prize for Civil War Fiction for his novel A Distant Flame (2004). The novel chronicles the experiences of protagonist Charlie Merrill before, during, and after the Atlanta campaign of 1864.
December 26, 1972, 8:29 by Maurice Clifford is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Pencil, 30 x 22 3/8 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
C Series #2 (1977) by Freddie L. Styles is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 34 x 45 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
A folklorist and professor of English at Georgia State University in Atlanta, John A. Burrison has helped shape an entire academic field of specialty, that of folk pottery. He holds a couple of face "jugs."
Courtesy of John Burrison. Photograph by Carolyn Richardson
Mossy Creek potter Lanier Meaders (left) with folklorist John A. Burrison in 1970. The painted vases on the kiln were made by Lanier's mother, Arie Meaders. The Meaders family is one of the best-known traditional potter families in northeast Georgia.
Courtesy of John Burrison. Photograph by Dick Pillsbury
Members of the First Congregational Church, including the Reverend Henry Hugh Proctor (standing seventh from left), in Atlanta are pictured circa 1899. Today the church is an affiliate of the United Church of Christ, which formed in 1957.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Henry Hugh Proctor, the minister at First Congregational Church in Atlanta from 1894 until 1920, is pictured circa 1900. In 1910 Proctor founded the Atlanta Colored Music Festival Association, which produced annual concerts by classically trained African American performers for nearly a decade.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
DeForest Kelley, an Atlanta native, was an actor best known for playing the role of Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy in the television series Star Trek and feature films.
From the collections of the Margaret Herrick Library
Young John Allen, born in Burke County and raised in Meriwether County, traveled as a Methodist missionary to Shanghai, China, in 1860 and remained there for much of his life. In addition to his ministry, Allen worked as a journalist and founded a college in Shanghai.
Mary Houston Allen, the wife of Young John Allen, a Methodist missionary to China, is pictured with her children, circa 1870. Before her marriage, Allen attended Wesleyan College in Macon.
Young John Allen (center), a Georgia native and Methodist missionary to Shanghai, China, is pictured with two Chinese writers, identified as Tsai and Yin, circa 1900. During his many decades in China, Allen founded the publication (Church News) and translated books.
The Reverend Dwight Andrews (left), of First Congregational Church, and Steven Darsey, of Meridian Herald, are pictured at the Atlanta Music Festival in 2009. The two cofounded the festival in 2001.
Courtesy of Meridian Herald
The Atlanta Auditorium and Armory (later Atlanta Municipal Auditorium), pictured circa 1916, was the venue in 1910 for the first concert presented by the Atlanta Colored Music Festival Association. The concerts continued annually until about 1918.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # ful0183.
Atlanta Constitution journalists and Pulitzer Prize winners Gene Patterson (left), Ralph McGill (center), and Jack Nelson are pictured circa 1967, the year Patterson received the award.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Gene Patterson, pictured in 2002, was an influential editor of the Atlanta Constitution during the civil rights movement and later founded Georgia Trend magazine.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Albany native Paula Deen, a well-known restaurateur and television personality, is the host of Paula's Home Cooking, which premiered on the Food Network in 2002. Her restaurant, The Lady and Sons, is a popular tourist destination in Savannah.
Photograph from Paula Deen
Paula Deen's iconic restaurant The Lady and Sons opened in downtown Savannah in 1996 and features such southern favorites as fried green tomatoes and hoecakes. In 2004 she opened another restaurant in Savannah, Uncle Bubba's Oyster House, with her younger brother.
Image from Steven Miller
Paula Deen published her first cookbook, The Lady and Sons: Savannah Country Cookbook, in 1997, one year after opening The Lady and Sons restaurant in Savannah. She became well known outside the South by selling the cookbook on QVC, a home-shopping television network.
Atlanta-based Alton Brown, the host and producer of the Food Network's television series Good Eats, has written numerous books about cooking, including I'm Just Here for the Food (2002) and Good Eats: The Early Years (2009).
Alton Brown, raised in White County, is a food television personality and producer based in Atlanta. His cooking show, Good Eats, premiered in 1999 and received a George Foster Peabody Award from the University of Georgia in 2007.
Photograph from UGA Today
Southern Poetry Review, one of the oldest literary journals in the Southeast, was founded in Florida in 1958 and has been based at Armstrong State University in Savannah since 2002. Pictured is the cover of the journal's fall 2006 issue, featuring a photograph by Dave Beckerman entitled The Secret Garden.
J. Richardson Jones, an Atlanta native, was a journalist, filmmaker, and entertainer whose work both challenged segregation and celebrated African American life during the Jim Crow era.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
J. Richardson Jones, kneeling right, is pictured on a handbill from the 1925 production of his play Thy Will Be Done at the Strand Theatre in Jacksonville, Florida. The play was later produced in July 1926 at the Douglass Theatre in Macon. An Atlanta native, Jones began his career in vaudeville and radio, and later became a journalist for the Atlanta Daily World.
Courtesy of Middle Georgia Archives, Washington Memorial Library.
A poster advertises Parade of Negro Progress, a Technicolor feature film based on a short newsreel produced in 1939 by J. Richardson Jones as an advertisement for the Atlanta Life Insurance Company. The feature played in all-Black theaters around the South in 1941-42.
Courtesy of Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System
Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta is the final resting place for 6,900 Confederate soliders, including 5 generals, as well as 16 Union soldiers.
Ren and Helen Davis
Around 500 Confederate soldiers and 1 Union soldier are buried at the Stonewall Confederate Cemetery in Griffin.
Photograph by Melinda Smith Mullikin, New Georgia Encyclopedia
The Confederate section of Linwood Cemetery in Columbus holds around 200 Confederate soldiers killed during the Civil War.
Courtesy of Historic Linwood Foundation, Inc.
The Marietta National Cemetery is located at 500 Washington Avenue in Marietta. There are more than 10,000 Union soldiers buried here, with approximately 3,000 of them unknown. Confederate soldiers were interred at a separate Confederate cemetery in Marietta.
Image from Ron Zanoni
Andersonville National Cemetery in Macon County holds approximately 13,000 Union soldiers who died while imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in 1864-65. It was designated a national cemetery in 1866 and is managed today by the National Park Service.
Image from Bubba73 (talk), Jud McCranie
Marching through Georgia, one of the best-known songs of the Civil War, was composed in 1865 by Henry Clay Work. The song celebrates the success of Union general William T. Sherman's march to the sea in 1864.
Athos Menaboni's 1962 lithograph Mourning Dove (26" x 20") is housed at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta. Menaboni is best known for his detailed paintings of birds, usually portrayed in pairs in their natural habitats.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Athos Menaboni, pictured in 1945, stands in his aviary studying a golden eagle.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
Artist Athos Menaboni was renowned for his detailed paintings of birds. He and his wife, Sara, obtained permits to capture rare and protected species for study at their home near Atlanta. Menaboni's 1962 lithograph Bobwhite (26" x 20") is housed at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Artist Athos Menaboni made his first bird painting in 1937, when he painted a cardinal from memory during a lull in commissioned work. His c. 1948 lithograph Cardinals (13 1/4" x 10 1/2") is housed at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Athos Menaboni, renowned for his bird paintings, reached the height of his career during the 1940s and 1950s. His 1956 lithograph Brown Leghorn (22" x 17 1/2") is housed at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
American Bald Eagle by Athos Menaboni is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Lithograph, 23 x 30 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Title page of the original edition of Macaria; or, Altars of Sacrifice, a novel by Columbus native Augusta Jane Evans. Published in 1864, during the Civil War, the novel was sympathetic to the Confederate cause and redefined the roles available to Southern women during the war.
From Documenting the American South, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries
Augusta Jane Evans Wilson wrote nine novels that were among the most popular fiction in nineteenth-century America. Her most successful novel, St. Elmo (1866), sold a million copies within four months of its appearance and remained in print well into the twentieth century.
Courtesy of State Archives of Alabama
Augusta Jane Evans, a native of Columbus, published Macaria; or, Altars of Sacrifice, in 1864, during the Civil War. In 1992 historian Drew Gilpin Faust edited a new edition of the text, restoring passages that had been dropped from reissues of the narrative.
Thomas "Blind Tom" Wiggins, pictured circa 1880, was a musical prodigy. He was born into slave status in Columbus and spent most of his life performing on the piano for audiences around the country. He also wrote original compositions, including the famous "Battle of Manassas."
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Thomas "Blind Tom" Wiggins, pictured circa 1860 at about the age of ten, was born into slave status in Columbus. He was recognized as a musical prodigy by his owner, James Bethune, and was hired out as a child to traveling showman Perry Oliver. During the presidency of James Buchanan (1857-61), Blind Tom became the first African American musician to perform at the White House.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Tyler Perry, a native of New Orleans, Louisiana, is an Atlanta-based filmmaker, playwright, and performer. His Tyler Perry Studios, established in Atlanta in 2008, is the first major film studio in the nation to be solely owned by an African American.
Photograph from AMFM STUDIOS LLC
Turnwold Plantation in Eatonton was the home of Joseph Addison Turner, who published a Confederate newspaper called The Countryman during the Civil War. It is also the setting of On the Plantation, a fictionalized account by Joel Chandler Harris of his experiences as a young typesetter at Turnwold.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
put168.
Journalist Deborah Norville, pictured in 2007, is a native of Dalton and a graduate of the University of Georgia. She became host of the news and entertainment television program Inside Edition in 1995.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Deborah Norville is pictured in 1997 at a signing for her self-help book Back on Track. A Georgia native, Norville is the host of the television news program Inside Edition and the author of several books.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Journalist Deborah Norville, a native of Dalton, published her third motivational book, The Power of Respect, in 2009. Norville has also published knitting and children's books.
As part of the top 10 percent of naval aviators, Cecil Alexander volunteered for the marines and became a dive bomber pilot during World War II. The future Atlanta architect flew a total of sixty missions and was twice awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Courtesy of Cecil Alexander
A prominent Atlanta architect and principal of the FABRAP architectural firm before his retirement, Cecil Alexander was a leader in the movement to desegregate Atlanta's public housing and businesses. He is pictured in 2008.
Reprinted by permission of Stephen H. Moore (http://www.shmoore.com/)
The BellSouth Telecommunications Building, located at 675 West Peachtree Street in Atlanta, was built in 1980 by the Atlanta-based firm FABRAP, in conjunction with Skidmore Owings and Merrill of New York. It served as headquarters for both Southern Bell and BellSouth. In 2006 BellSouth was absorbed by AT&T, and today the building is part of the AT&T Midtown Center.
Courtesy of AT&T
Coca-Cola's headquarters in Atlanta, designed by the architectural firm FABRAP, house the corporate offices as well as the offices for the Coca-Cola Foundation.
Photograph by David A. Pike
The Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium hosts the opening night of the World Series in October 1995. The stadium, jointly designed by the architecture firms FABRAP and Heery and Heery, was completed in 1965 and attracted two professional teams, the Atlanta Braves and the Atlanta Falcons, to the city.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The architect Cecil Alexander, a founding partner of the firm FABRAP, and his second wife, Helen, pictured at their home in Atlanta in 2007.
Reprinted by permission of Stephen H. Moore (http://www.shmoore.com/)
Emmeline Southall Scott is surrounded by her sons in a family photograph. From left: Emel Julius, Aurelius Southall, Lewis Augustus, William Alexander (W. A.) II, Cornelius Adolphus (C. A.), and Daniel Marcellus. W. A. Scott founded the Atlanta World (later Atlanta Daily World) in 1928, around the time this photograph was taken. C. A. Scott assumed the editorship in 1934, following his brother's death.
Courtesy of Atlanta Daily World
M. Alexis Scott, president of the Atlanta Daily World, speaks at one of three newsstands that opened at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 2009. Scott is the granddaughter of W. A. Scott II, who founded the newspaper in 1928.
Courtesy of Atlanta Daily World. Photograph by Willie E. Tucker Jr.
The Atlanta Daily World, Atlanta's oldest African American newspaper, was established in 1928 by W. A. Scott II. The paper has remained in the hands of the Scott family since its founding.
Photograph by Wally Gobetz
William Alexander (W. A.) Scott II founded the Atlanta World newspaper in 1928. In 1932 the publication became the Atlanta Daily World, one of the nation's first Black daily newspapers.
Courtesy of Atlanta Daily World
Cornelius Adolphus (C. A.) Scott served as editor of the Atlanta Daily World from 1934 until his retirement in 1997. Although more conservative than many Black editors of his time, Scott spoke out about Georgia's white primary system and advocated school integration and Black suffrage in the pages of the newspaper.
Courtesy of Atlanta Daily World. Photograph by Griff Davis
M. Alexis Scott became president and chair of the board of directors for the Atlanta Daily World in 1997, after twenty years as a journalist with the Atlanta Journal-Constitution and Cox Enterprises. Her grandfather W. A. Scott founded the publication, Atlanta's oldest Black newspaper, in 1928.
Courtesy of Atlanta Daily World
The Hyatt Regency Hotel in Atlanta, designed by John Portman, was completed in 1967. The structure features a twenty-two-story lobby and served as a model for other atrium hotels built in the 1970s and after.
Courtesy of Hyatt Press Photo Library
John Portman, pictured in 2006, is a graduate of the architecture school at Georgia Tech and founder of the Atlanta firm Portman and Associates. Portman designed numerous buildings in the city, including the Peachtree Center Office Building, Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel, and Atlanta Marriott Marquis.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Savannah native Emma Cheves Wilkins's undated Red Shoes, Blue Vase, Glass and Carnations (oil on canvas, 20 1/4" x 24 1/8") is part of the collection at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Emma Cheves Wilkins, the third generation in a family of Savannah artists, specialized in painting portraits, landscapes, and still lifes. Her undated Blue Jug and Camellias (oil on canvas, 23" x 21") is part of the collection at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Youngster Sitting atop Hawks Bill, N.C. was painted by Savannah native Emma Cheves Wilkins, who is known for her impressionistic landscapes. The undated painting (pastel on sandpaper, 14 5/8" x 11 5/8") is part of the collection at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Prominent Atlanta builder Alexander D. Hamilton, circa 1919. Hamilton and his father, Alexander Hamilton, formed the contracting firm Alexander Hamilton and Son in 1890.
Image from Richardson, Clement , ed. (1919) The National Cyclopedia of the Colored Race, Montgomery: National Publishing Company, Inc.
Actress Butterfly McQueen is best known for her portrayal of Prissy in the film Gone With the Wind (1939). McQueen spent her childhood and many of her adult years in Augusta, where she died in 1995.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
Impressionist painter Hattie Saussy completed In the Hall (oil on board, 20" x 24") in 1927. Saussy spent much of her career in her native Savannah, where she was an active member of the Savannah Art Association.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Hattie Saussy, a Savannah native, established herself as an impressionistic painter following study in Savannah, New York City, and Paris in the 1910s. She is depicted in this undated portrait (oil on canvas, 21 7/8" x 18") by fellow Savannah artist Christopher Murphy Jr.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Impressionist painter Hattie Saussy's undated Stream in Wooded Landscape (oil on canvas board, 15 7/8" x 11 7/8") is one example of the landscape paintings for which she is well known. Saussy traveled throughout the region of her native Savannah, painting landscapes outdoors, from the 1920s through the 1970s.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Hattie Saussy painted Portrait—Girl in Red (oil on board, 24" x 20") in 1935. A Savannah native, Saussy painted numerous portraits, as well as impressionistic landscapes, during her long career.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Natasha Trethewey, a graduate of the University of Georgia and professor at Emory University, won the Pulitzer Prize in poetry for her third collection of poems, Native Guard (2006).
Journalist Ralph McGill won the Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959. As editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution, McGill broke the code of silence on the subject of segregation.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Mike Luckovich, a native of Seattle, Washington, became the editorial cartoonist for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution in 1989. Luckovich has twice won the Pulitzer Prize, in 1995 and 2006, for his nationally syndicated work.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
First African Baptist Church, which was established during the 1770s, played an important part in the Savannah civil rights movement. The stained-glass windows in the current church building, located at 23 Montgomery Street in Savannah, feature prominent Black leaders.
Photograph by Carl Elmore. Courtesy of Savannah Morning News
A museum housing artifacts and church memorabilia dating to the eighteenth century is housed on the grounds of First African Baptist Church in Savannah. One of the oldest Black churches in the nation, First African has occupied its current site on Montgomery Street since 1859.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
This post-Civil War sketch depicts members of Savannah's First Bryan Baptist Church, named after early Baptist minister Andrew Bryan, congregating outside the church building. The church is one of the oldest Black churches in North America.
Photograph by James M. Simms
Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1830. Adherents of the church, known as Mormons, sent missionaries to Georgia first in the 1840s, and then again after the Civil War (1861-65).
Courtesy of the Church Archives, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Mormon missionaries Rudger Clawson (left) and Joseph Standing are pictured in 1878. In 1879 Standing was killed by a mob in Whitfield County as he and Clawson were traveling to a church conference in Chattooga County.
Image from Church History Library
Charles Callis directed the Southern States Mission of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Atlanta from 1919 to early 1934, when he left for Salt Lake City, Utah, to fulfull his 1933 calling to be one of the church's Quorum of Twelve Apostles.
Photograph by American Foto News. Courtesy of the Church Archives, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
LeGrand Richards succeeded Charles Callis in 1934 as the president of the Southern States Mission of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Atlanta.
Courtesy of the Church Archives, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Atlanta Georgia Temple, pictured circa 2009 and located in Sandy Springs, was the first Mormon temple erected in the South. Georgia governor George Busbee spoke at the building's groundbreaking in 1981, and the facility was dedicated two years later.
Photograph by Ray Luce
A chapel of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, pictured in 1952, was erected in Atlanta at the corner of Boulevard and North Avenue in 1925. The building served both as a meeting house and as the office for the Southern States Mission.
Jackson Lee Nesbitt created the lithograph Auction Barn (15" x 19 1/2") in Atlanta with master printer Wayne Kline in 1989. The image is a composite of several sketches of Arkansas cattle auctions in the 1940s. Nesbitt added a Coca-Cola bottle, which sits on a rafter behind the auctioneer.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Jackson Lee Nesbitt, pictured circa 1955, was a native of the Midwest and a well-regarded printmaker and painter for much of the twentieth century. In 1957 he moved to Atlanta and gave up his art to work in advertising, but in 1987 he resumed printmaking at Rolling Stone Press in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Jackson Lee Nesbitt's 1990 lithograph The Matthew W. Johnston Family (12 1/4" x 15") is composed of a mother and daughter whom Nesbitt knew during his childhood in Oklahoma. The man in the image was a model from the Kansas City Art Institute, where Nesbitt studied from 1933 to 1938.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
John Morgan, pictured in 1890, arrived in Georgia as a missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1876. Two years later he was given authority over the church's Southern States Mission, headquarterd in Rome.
Courtesy of Special Collections Department, J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Joseph Standing was sent as a Mormon missionary to Georgia in 1878. The following year he was killed by a mob in Whitfield County while traveling with fellow missionary Rudger Clawson. A memorial park at the murder site was dedicated to Standing in 1952.
Courtesy of Special Collections Department, J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
The encaustic painting "Three Flags" (1958) is representative of the distinctive style and subject matter that characterized Jasper Johns's work during the peak of the pop art movement. Johns mixed pigment with wax in order to achieve a faster drying time and create a textured, layered surface that emphasizes the artist's strokes against the canvas. The three canvases are stacked on top of each other, projecting into a three dimensional space to create an effect that contrasts with centuries of classical presentations of art.
Image from Wikimedia
Since 1895 artists have convened to exhibit the most important works of their day at the Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy. Though Jasper Johns was first included at the twenty-ninth Biennale, in 1958, this image depicts the unloading of one of his paintings for the thirty-second Venice Biennale, held in 1964.
Courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution Archives
Jasper Johns donated the 1994 lithograph American Center Paris, 1994 (42" x 36 1/16") to Brenau University Galleries in honor of his aunts Gladys and Eunice Johns, both alumnae of the university, whose childhood images appear in the upper right corner.
Art (c) Jasper Johns/Licensed by VAGA, New York, N.Y. Courtesy of Brenau University Galleries
A statue of William Jasper, a Revolutionary War hero who was killed during the Siege of Savannah in 1779, stands on Madison Square in Savannah. The town of Jasper, the seat of Pickens County, was named in his honor.
Image from Disc wheel
The main library at the University of Georgia is located on the historic north campus. UGA's library system contains more than 3.9 million volumes, making it the largest academic library in Georgia. The library is also home to the University of Georgia Press.
Photograph from Zlatko Unger
The University of Georgia Press, founded in 1938, produced its first catalog of books in 1940. At that time the press had published eight books, including its first title, Segments of Southern Thought, by Edd Winfield Parks, and its first volume of poetry, Marguerite, the Sister and Wife of Kings, by Rae S. Neely.
Courtesy of University of Georgia Press
Shoppers browse books at the Leed's Books display at the Decatur Book Festival in 2011.
Image from TimothyJ
John H. Deveaux, a native of Savannah, was the first owner and editor of the Colored Tribune, which he founded in 1875. In 1878 he was forced to close the paper because white printers in the city refused to print it, but he reopened the publication, known today as the Savannah Tribune, in 1886.
Courtesy of Savannah Tribune
Sol C. Johnson, the second editor and owner of the Savannah Tribune, was a Savannah native. During his long editorship, from 1889 until 1954, the newspaper covered the injustices of the Jim Crow era, including segregation, lynchings, and the convict lease system.
Courtesy of Savannah Tribune
The Colored Tribune, a weekly newspaper in Savannah, was founded in 1875 as the by John H. Deveaux, whose stated purpose was to defend "the rights of colored people, and their elevation to the highest plane of citizenship."From the Georgia Newspaper Project.
Courtesy of Digital Library of Georgia.
In 1973 Robert E. James, pictured in 2008, reestablished the , which had closed in 1960. He served as owner and publisher of the newspaper until 1983, when his wife, Shirley B. James, became the publisher and sole owner.
Courtesy of Savannah Tribune
Shirley B. James, pictured in 2008, has owned and published the Savannah Tribune since 1983. Under her direction, the newspaper covers local and national news of interest to the African American community in Savannah.
Courtesy of Savannah Tribune
Savannah artist Christopher Murphy Jr.'s undated painting Mosquito Fleet (oil on board, 11" x 13 3/4") depicts the vessels used by African American fishermen along the Georgia coast. Murphy is known for creating paintings and etchings that capture the activity in the streets and along the waterfront of his native Savannah.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Christopher Murphy Jr., captured in this undated self-portrait (oil on board, 23 3/4" x 18"), was a prominent Savannah artist and teacher for much of the twentieth century. He is known particularly for his depictions of Savannah daily life and architecture, as well as for his portraiture.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Christopher Murphy Jr., a Savannah native and artist, painted a number of portraits, such as his undated Green Kimono (oil on canvas, 22" x 18"). The painting's dark background and the serene expression of the sitter contrast with the vibrant pattern of her kimono.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Joe Street, Savannah (charcoal on paper, 9 3/4" x 15 1/2"), an undated etching by Savannah artist Christopher Murphy Jr., was chosen in 1935 by the Print Club of Rochester in New York as its second annual presentation print.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Christopher Murphy Jr.'s undated drawing Different Levels (graphite on paper, 10" x 7 3/4") was the source for one of the thirty-seven illustrations Murphy created for the book Savannah (1947), which was written by Savannah historian Walter Charlton Hartridge.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
The subject of Black Man Seated on a Chair (1910), a sepia wash on paper by Savannah artist Lucile Desbouillons Murphy, may have been an employee of the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences, where Murphy studied under Carl Brandt in the 1890s.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Margaret Augusta Murphy, the daughter of Savannah artists Lucile Desbouillons and Christopher P. H. Murphy, painted the watercolor Street Scene, Savannah between 1930 and 1940. Her watercolor technique developed under the tutelage of Eliot O'Hara, a visiting artist at the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Robert S. Abbott, a Georgia native, was a prominent journalist who founded the Chicago Defender in 1905. He is pictured (second row, fifth from right) in June 1918 at a meeting of Black leaders in Washington, D.C. Prominent historian and educator W. E. B. Du Bois stands in the first row, fourth from the right.
Courtesy of Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries
A newsboy sells copies in April 1942 of the Chicago Defender, a leading Black newspaper founded in 1905 by Georgia native Robert S. Abbott. The publication covered events and issues in Chicago's Black community, but also reported on racial news from the South and encouraged southern Blacks to move north after World War I.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
The Georgia Historical Society erected a historical marker at the site of newspaper editor Robert S. Abbott's childhood home in Savannah on August 26, 2008. In 1905 Abbott founded the Chicago Defender, which quickly became one of the most important Black newspapers in the first half of the twentieth century.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Historical Marker Program.
John H. Sengstacke (right), a Savannah native and nephew of Robert S. Abbott, assumed management of the Chicago Defender in 1940 upon the death of Abbott, who founded the newspaper in 1905. Sengstacke is pictured in March 1942 at the Defender's office in Chicago.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, #LC-USW3-000802-D.
Marian McCamy Sims, a fiction writer, was a native of Dalton and an alumnae of Agnes Scott College in Decatur. Her novels and short stories, written in North Carolina during the 1930s and 1940s, focus primarily on the lives of white, middle-class southerners.
Reprinted by permission of University of North Carolina at Charlotte Library, Marian McCamy Sims Papers.
The family home of writer Marian McCamy Sims, pictured circa 1921, was built in Dalton around 1918. Originally located on South Thornton Avenue, the house was later moved to another site.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
wtf096.
The Atlanta Business Chronicle, founded by Bob Gray and Mike Weingart in 1978, is a weekly journal that covers business and industry news in Atlanta. Today the publication is owned by American City Business Journals.
Natasha Trethewey was named poet laureate of the United States in 2012. A native of Mississippi, Trethewey graduated from the University of Georgia in 1989. Her third volume of poetry, Native Guard, won the Pulitzer Prize in 2007.
Courtesy of Emory University
Poet Natasha Trethewey signs books following a reading at the University of Georgia on January 16, 2008. Trethewey read selections from Native Guard, which won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 2007.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Domestic Work (2000), by Natasha Trethewey, was selected by former U.S. poet laureate Rita Dove to be the first winner of the Cave Canem Prize, awarded each year to the best first collection of poems by an African American poet.
U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt speaks in Atlanta at the dedication ceremony for Techwood Homes, the nation's first public housing project, on November 29, 1935.
Courtesy of Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia.
The Promenade Two tower, built in Midtown Atlanta in 1990, was designed by the architectural firm Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback, and Associates. A steel spire tops the thirty-eight-story building, which is covered in rose-colored glass.
Photograph by Mary Ann Sullivan
The Omni Coliseum, an arena completed in 1972, was the first major project for the Atlanta architectural firm Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback, and Associates. The arena held 16,500 spectators and was home to the Atlanta Hawks basketball team, as well as the site for numerous other sporting events and concerts.
Postcard from Scenic Card Company, Bessemer, Alabama. Photograph by J. H. Robinson
The Georgia World Congress Center, viewed from the south, was built in Atlanta in 1976 by the architectural firm Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback, and Associates. By 2002 the center had expanded to include more than 1 million square feet.
Photograph by Mary Ann Sullivan
The UPS Foundation headquarters are located in Atlanta at the UPS corporate office building, designed by the architectural firm Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback, and Associates. The foundation, which was established in 1951, provides grant money to organizations working to combat hunger and illiteracy, and also encourages volunteerism among UPS employees.
Courtesy of UPS
Phipps Plaza, an upscale shopping mall in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, was built in 1969 by the architectural firm FABRAP. The mall was expanded and renovated in the early 1990s by the firm Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback, and Associates.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The food court at the Mall of Georgia, built in Buford during the late 1990s, was designed to recall the Union Station train depot in Atlanta. The largest shopping center in Georgia, the mall covers 1.7 million square feet on a 500-acre site.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The original Southern Bell Telephone Building in Atlanta, pictured in 2008, was designed by architect P. Thornton Marye in the late 1920s. The art deco-style building was advertised as the city's "first modernistic skyscraper." The building's original six stories were extended to fourteen in the 1940s and topped with a tower in the 1960s.
Photograph by Mary Ann Sullivan
The Atlanta Terminal Station, pictured circa 1905, was designed in a Renaissance revival style by architect P. Thornton Marye. The structure, a pioneer work in reinforced concrete, was razed in 1971.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ful0100.
St. Luke's Episcopal Church in Atlanta, pictured in 2005, was built in 1906. The church was designed in the Gothic revival style by architect P. Thornton Marye, in association with A. Ten Eyck Brown.
Courtesy of Atlanta Time Machine
The Fox Theatre in Atlanta, pictured from the south in 2002, was originally designed as the Yaraab Temple by the architectural firm Marye, Alger, and Vinour. The building opened as a theater in 1929.
Photograph by Mary Ann Sullivan
The Great Locomotive Chase, a Disney film released in 1956, depicts the events of the Andrews Raid of 1862, in which Union raiders seized a Confederate train in north Georgia during the Civil War. The film is an adaptation of the written accounts of William Pittenger, a Union participant in the raid.
Courtesy of Library of Congress
Silent film comedian Buster Keaton directed and starred in The General (1927), a fictionalized account of the famous Andrews Raid of 1862, in which Union raiders seized a Confederate train in north Georgia during the Civil War.
Photograph from www.filmreference.com
Designed jointly by the architectural firms Stanley, Love-Stanley, and Thompson, Ventulett, and Stainback (TVS), the United Way of Metropolitan Atlanta parking garage received an Atlanta Urban Design Commission award in 1996.
Courtesy of Stanley, Love-Stanley, P.C.
William J. "Bill" Stanley, a native of Atlanta, was the first African American to graduate from Georgia Tech with a degree in architecture. In 1978 he and his wife, Ivenue Love-Stanley, established the architectural firm Stanley, Love-Stanley in Atlanta, where he handles marketing and design.
Courtesy of Stanley, Love-Stanley, P.C.
Ivenue Love-Stanley, a native of Mississippi, was the first African American woman to receive a degree in architecture from Georgia Tech. She is the cofounder, with her husband, Bill Stanley, of the Atlanta architectural firm Stanley, Love-Stanley, for which she serves as business manager and principal in charge of production.
Courtesy of Stanley, Love-Stanley, P.C.
Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta is currently housed in the Horizon Sanctuary, which seats 2,000 people and is situated across the street from the historic church building, today known as the Heritage Sanctuary. The Horizon Sanctuary was desiged by the Atlanta firm Stanley, Love-Stanley.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The Lyke House Catholic Student Center at the Atlanta University Center was built in 1999 by the architectural firm Stanley, Love-Stanley. The center includes a chapel (pictured), as well as a student center and priest's rectory.
Courtesy of Stanley, Love-Stanley, P.C.
Rudolph Valentino Bostic, a self-taught artist from Savannah, painted Fighting Angels between 1991 and 1997. Bostic is known for rendering biblical and popular culture scenes through the technique of chiaroscuro, which uses light and shade to create depth.
Courtesy of Telfair Museums.
Laura Pope Forrester, a self-taught artist from south Georgia, created one of the state's first outdoor art environments during the 1940s and 1950s. Her concrete figures, depicting such historical and literary personages as Nancy Hart and Scarlett O'Hara, came to be known as "Mrs. Pope's Museum."
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Photograph by Marty Stupich..
William Rogers, a preacher and self-taught artist from Darien, carved this wooden walking staff around 1935. Rogers is known for his walking sticks and animal carvings, which are reminiscent of African art.
Courtesy of Columbus Museum. Museum purchase made possible by the Endowment Fund in honor of D. A. Turner. 87.15.165
Arthur "Pete" Dilbert, a woodworker from the Savannah region, carves a dragon in preparation for an exhibition. Dilbert is well known for his canes, as well as relief sculptures and freestanding figures such as birds and alligators.
Courtesy of Telfair Museums.
The Devil and the Drunk Man, a sculpture by self-taught artist Dilmus Hall, is pictured in 1986. Hall created a sculptural yard at his home in Athens, featuring concrete, metal, and wood figures, as well as drawings inspired by the Old Testament.
Courtesy of Judith McWillie
Howard Finster, a self-taught artist from Chattooga County, sits atop his "Paradise Garden," a sculpture garden filled with mixed-media creations next to his home in Pennville. Finster began work on the garden in 1961.
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Photograph by Bud Lee..
The cover art for Reckoning (1984), the second album by rock group R.E.M, features a painting by folk artist Howard Finster.
Photograph by Bradley Loos
Realist painter Alexander Brook's undated work Dispossessed (watercolor on paper, 14 1/4" x 16 3/8") depicts the dignity of a desperate family by capturing the expression of the woman in a pensive moment, amid what appear to be bleak prospects.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Alexander Brook, a native of New York, was a prominent figurative painter during the first half of the twentieth century. Between 1938 and 1948 he lived sporadically in Savannah, where he executed numerous sketches that became the basis for paintings exhibited nationwide.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Alexander Brook's undated sketch of a woman living in the Yamacraw district of Savannah was used for the central figure in the foreground of his finished work, Georgia Jungle. Brook was awarded first prize at the Carnegie International exhibition for the painting in 1939.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Alexander Brook, a prominent New York painter, was fascinated with the rural landscape and vernacular architecture on the outskirts of Savannah. The horizontal line of the leaning shacks in his undated painting Savannah Chickens and Shacks (oil on canvas, 12" x 26") is enhanced by far-off smoke as the chickens give the only living presence to the scene.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Hilda Belcher, a prominent artist, painted Run Little Chillun, Run, Fo' de Devil's Done Loose (oil on board, 13 7/8" x 11 3/4") in 1931. Belcher, a native of Vermont, attended services at several African American churches around Savannah during her frequent visits to the city. In this work, which was also the basis for a 1935 oil painting of the same name, she captures the energy of a Savannah choir.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Hilda Belcher (left) poses with her mother, Martha Wood Belcher, in 1913 at Daventry, England. Hilda Belcher, a native of Vermont, traveled frequently to Georgia during her career to sketch scenes, particularly in Savannah, and to paint commissioned portraits.
Reprinted by permission of the Belcher family
Nell Choate Jones's Court Day, Marietta (charcoal, pencil, ink, and gouache on tracing paper, 19" x 24") depicts a crowd of people, shown without individual features, as they congregate around the courthouse, which is barely visible in the background. Action and gesture take precedence in this vividly colored, undated work.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
The oil painting Georgia Red Clay (25" x 30") was made by Georgia native Nell Choate Jones in 1946. The painting exemplifies several aspects of her style, including strong contours and shapes, as well as a modernist emphasis on color.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Nell Choate Jones, pictured at her 100th birthday party in 1979, was a prominent artist whose paintings were exhibited widely from 1925 until 1979. A Hawkinsville native, Jones drew inspiration for her work from southern landscapes and culture.
Courtesy of Mrs. Thomas S. Potts
Hawkinsville native Nell Choate Jones painted Cotton Blooms (mixed media on paper, 21 3/8" x 17 7/8") circa 1936. This still life depicts a plant commonly seen in Georgia but rarely found in the colder climates where the artist spent most of her long life.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Sea Dive (monoprint with African fabric collage, 29 1/2" x 20 3/4"), created in 1989 by Atlanta native Emma Amos, depicts a clothed figure hovering in midair above a body of water, which is divided by a strip of African fabric. Action lines in the air and water enhance the sense of the figure's movement.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
This glass mosaic bench (1996) forms part of an art installation designed by artist Emma Amos for the Ralph David Abernathy Memorial Plaza in Atlanta, which commemorates the legacy of the civil rights leader. Amos's installation also includes a bronze chair and a gazebo.
Courtesy of Emma Amos
Emma Amos, an Atlanta native and acclaimed artist, worked in a variety of media, including printmaking, painting, textiles, and collage. Her work explored issues of politics, race, gender, and cultural history. Amos was a professor and former chair at the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
Courtesy of Emma Amos
Emma Amos, an acclaimed artist and Atlanta native, painted Does Black Wear Off? (oil on canvas, African fabric, and photo transfers, 90" x 56") in 1999. A cloth border imprinted with hands and minstrel's white gloves encloses a strip of woven fabric from Burkina Faso. The multi-hued female figure wears a minstrel's black face with images of figurines repeated around her.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Children's Mardi Gras (oil on canvas, 29 1/2" x 34 1/2") was painted by Andree Ruellan in 1949. Although seemingly playful, the painting is executed in a dark palette and is more somber than the artist's work prior to World War II.
Courtesy of Columbus Museum. Museum purchase made possible by Norman S. Rothschild in honor of his parents, Aleen and Irwin B. Rothschild
Andree Ruellan's mural Spring in Georgia, commissioned by the U.S. Treasury Department's Section of Fine Arts, was installed at the Lawrenceville post office in 1942. Today the mural is housed in the R. G. Stephens Federal Building in Athens.
Courtesy of U.S. General Services Administration, Public Buildings Service, Fine Arts Collection.
Artist Andree Ruellan's Morning on the River (gouache on paper, 12 1/4" x 18 1/2"), executed in 1940, captures the Savannah River in morning light and includes several people and shanties along the water's edge.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Artist and Georgia native Eddie Owens Martin, also known as St. EOM, poses at Pasaquan, the visionary art site that he established in Marion County around 1957.
Courtesy of Pasaquan Preservation Society
The studio building of folk artist St. EOM (Eddie Owens Martin) is attached to the original family farmhouse. Every surface of St. EOM's estate, Pasaquan, in Marion County is covered by his art, inside and out.
Courtesy of Pasaquan Preservation Society, www.pasaquan.com
The walls of Pasaquan, the estate of the Buena Vista folk artist known as St. EOM, vary in height, width, and length. They are created with wire mesh and concrete in detailed relief.
Courtesy of Pasaquan Preservation Society, www.pasaquan.com
The folk artist known as St. EOM (Eddie Owens Martin) was fascinated by the human face. The artwork at Pasaquan, Martin's Marion County estate, includes more than 100 faces.
Courtesy of Pasaquan Preservation Society, www.pasaquan.com
The folk artist Eddie Owens Martin, also known as St. EOM, constructed his visionary art site Pasaquan in Marion County in the 1950s. Martin's work, including this hammered tin wall at Pasaquan, reveals the influence of international icons and images.
Courtesy of Pasaquan Preservation Society, www.pasaquan.com
Artist Larry Connatser's untitled painting (acrylic on wood, 13" x 13"), created circa 1980, is a complex composition containing numerous figures in an architectural setting. Identifiable furniture is juxtaposed with fantasy elements.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Larry Connatser, a self-taught artist who spent much of his life in Georgia, created 2,500 paintings, 800 drawings, and numerous murals over the course of his career. Hallmarks of his expressionistic style include bright colors, fantasy figures, and dreamlike spaces.
Courtesy of the Joan Cobitz Estate
A section of the mural at the Decatur MARTA station (paint on architectural brick, twin murals each 66' x 26') are visible to passengers at both the concourse and platform levels. The mural was created by Georgia artist Larry Connatser in 1981 and depicts stylized renderings of the mountains and sea as vacation destinations.
Image from Joel Mann
Of his twin murals painted at the MARTA station in Decatur, artist Larry Connatser explained, "Stylized fantasies of the two favorite American vacations--escapes to the mountain and sea, were my theme. . . . A stylized ocean and mountain flowers enhance these expressions."
Courtesy of MARTA
All That Jazz Party, a mural designed by artist Larry Connatser and created with the help of students in 1980, covered the floor of the original library in Poetter Hall at the Savannah College of Art and Design. The mural remains intact at Poetter Hall, which today houses administrative offices.
Courtesy of the Savannah College of Art and Design
#1764 (1974) by Larry Connatser is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 21 x 24 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
#2149 (1977) by Larry Connatser is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 26 x 26 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Untitled by Larry Connatser is part of Georgia's State Art Collection. Acrylic, 48 1/4 x 48 1/4 inches
Courtesy of Georgia Council for the Arts, Georgia's State Art Collection.
Painter Gari Melchers's Rainbow (oil on canvas, 27 1/4" x 30"), an example of the artist's impressionistic style, was created circa 1925.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Gari Melchers, pictured circa 1900, was a prominent painter in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A native of Michigan, he established studios in the Netherlands, Virginia, and New York City over the course of his career. In 1906 he was appointed fine arts advisor to the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences in Savannah, for which he acquired more than seventy works of art.
Image from Frank Scott Clark
Gari Melchers's oil painting The Unpretentious Garden (33 5/8" x 40 1/2") was created around 1905 and is an example of the artist's impressionistic style.
Courtesy of Telfair Museums.
Artist Gari Melchers painted Marie (West Indian) (gouache on paper, 18 1/2" x 11") around 1925, during a trip to the West Indies. The subject of the painting, whom Melchers called "Ma Petite," was one of the painter's favorite models.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
William O. Golding, a Savannah native who spent most of his life at sea, created around sixty drawings of ships and ports while a patient at the U.S. Marine Hospital in Savannah. He completed St. Yacht Thelma, Bangor, Maine, June 12, 1935 (crayon and graphite on paper, 9" x 12") in 1935.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
William O. Golding's St. Yacht Ramona (crayon and pencil on paper, 8 3/4 " x 11 3/4") depicts ships in American waters and features a lighthouse and flags, both recurring images in the artist's work.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
African American artist William O. Golding drew his Merchant Ship—Scarlet (crayon and pencil on paper, 9" x 12") in 1934. In a variation on his distinctive image of the sun partially hidden by a cloud, a recurring image in the artist's work, Golding places the sun at the horizon in this drawing.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
John Abbot painted his Yellow Breasted Finch (watercolor on paper, 11 1/8" x 8 3/4") in 1790, fifteen years after moving from Virginia to Georgia. A native of England, Abbot traveled to America in 1773 and spent the remainder of his life collecting and drawing specimens of New World birds, insects, and butterflies.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Painter John Abbot's Grebe, Didapper, or Water Witch (watercolor on paper, 11 1/8" x 8 3/4") is housed at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
This bronze plaque depicting the naturalist and illustrator John Abbot graces a monument erected in 1957 by the Georgia Historical Society and the Georgia Historical Commission in Bulloch County. Abbot, a British native, collected and drew numerous specimens of birds, insects, butterflies, and moths during his nearly sixty-five years in Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Georgia Historical Society collection of photographs, #GHS 1361PH-24-01-4588.
This watercolor of a butterfly, today identified as the American Painted Lady, is one of many images depicting butterflies and moths by John Abbot, a British collector and illustrator who lived and worked in Georgia from 1775 until around 1840.
From The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia, by J. Abbot
John Abbot, a painter and naturalist, created Little Horn Owl or Screech Owl (watercolor on paper, 11 1/8" x 8 3/4") in 1790. From 1775 until 1818 Abbot lived and worked in present-day Burke County, sending specimens and illustrations of New World species to collectors in his homeland of England.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
The Mennonite House, pictured in 1962, was located on Houston Street in Atlanta and served as a residence and headquarters for Mennonites active in the civil rights movement. The house was established by Vincent Harding, a Mennonite minister, and his wife, Rosemarie.
Reprinted by permission of Mennonite Church USA Historical Committee
Menno L. Yoder's farm in Macon County, pictured circa 1970, is one of the farms comprising the Mennonite community in Montezuma. Mennonites maintain a rural, communal lifestyle, often choosing to limit the use of modern technology, dress, and entertainment.
Photograph from The Amish Mennonites of Macon County, Georgia, by E. S. Yoder
An interracial Mennonite Bible school teaching team poses in Atlanta in 1963. These volunteers were part of a project sponsored in Atlanta by the Mennonite Central Commitee, which sent minister Vincent Harding to organize desegregation efforts in the South.
Reprinted by permission of Mennonite Church USA Historical Committee
Residents of the Mennonite House, a center of civil rights activity in Atlanta from 1961 to 1964, gather around the "black and white table." The table, built in 1962 by Mennonites Vincent Harding and Bill Cooper, was made of light maple and dark mahogany or cherry, symbolizing racial unity.
Reprinted by permission of Mennonite Church USA Historical Committee
The first meetinghouse used by the Mennonite community in Montezuma is pictured in 1981. The community was established in 1953 and today supports three schools and three churches.
Photograph from The Amish Mennonites of Macon County, Georgia, by E. S. Yoder
Workers at the Brumby Chair Company in Marietta pause for their noon break in the summer of 1903. Under the leadership of Thomas Brumby, who helmed the company from 1888 to 1923, the Brumby Chair Company became one of the largest employers in Marietta and one of the largest chair factories in the Southeast.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cob106.
A Brumby Chair Company delivery truck is pictured, circa 1928. The Brumby Chair Company, based in Marietta, was incorporated in 1884 by brothers Jim and Thomas Brumby. The company, which the family continues to operate, is best known for its iconic rocking chair.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cob299.
Marietta leaders gather in the law office of Rip Blair (seated right) to honor Niles Trammel (seated left), circa 1940. Otis Brumby Sr. (standing far left) was the vice president of Brumby Chair Company. Also standing, from left: Stanton Read, Ed Massey, Jake Northcutt, Eugene McNeel Sr., unknown, Ryburn Clay, J. J. Daniell, Morgan McNeel.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cob498.
Atlanta City Hall, pictured in 1942, was designed by G. Lloyd Preacher in the neo-Gothic style. Completed in 1930, the building stands at the corner of Washington and Mitchell streets.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # ful0154.
University Hospital in Augusta, pictured in the 1920s, was designed by Atlanta architect G. Lloyd Preacher. The building was completed in 1915 and razed in 1991.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ric003.
Architect G. Lloyd Preacher's Briarcliff Hotel, also known as the "Seven Fifty," was built in Atlanta on the corner of Ponce de Leon and North Highland avenues in 1924-25.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Georgia Dome in Atlanta was designed by architect George T. Heery's firm in collaboration with Rosser Fabrap International (formerly FABRAP). Completed in 1992 and demolished in 2017, the stadium was home to the Atlanta Falcons football team and also served as a venue for numerous other events.
Image from Michael Barera
The Georgia Power Building in downtown Atlanta, designed by Heery Architects and Engineers, houses the headquarters for both the Georgia Power Company and the Georgia Power Foundation. In 2004 the Georgia Power Foundation awarded $5 million in grants to organizations primarily in the state of Georgia.
Image from Counse
The Atlanta History Museum, located on the campus of the Atlanta History Center, is one of the Southeast's largest history museums. The 30,000-square-foot facility, designed by architect George T. Heery, opened in 1993 and houses four permanent exhibitions, as well as two galleries for traveling exhibitions.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
J. W. Golucke was born in June 1857. Working from Atlanta, he built thirty-one county courthouses in Georgia and Alabama.
Courtesy of Union County Historical Society
J.W. Golucke and G.W. Steward designed DeKalb County’s fourth courthouse, which was built by 1898. It had a dome and four portico entrances, each with a pediment in the Greek temple style. Unfortunately, a fire in 1916 destroyed much of the building’s interior. When it was rebuilt, the stone walls were preserved, and the clocks, which were originally housed in the dome, were placed in the building’s pediments.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #dek080-85.
The Coweta County courthouse, located in Newnan, was built in 1904. The structure, designed by J. W. Golucke in the neoclassical revival style, was refurbished in 1975, and both its interior and exterior were rehabilitated in 1989-90.
Courtesy of Don Bowman
The Henry County Courthouse in McDonough, designed in the Romanesque revival style by architect J. W. Golucke, was completed in 1897. A Confederate monument stands in front of the courthouse, which was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Courtesy of Don Bowman
The Fitzpatrick Hotel, pictured in 2006, is a historic hotel in Washington, the seat of Wilkes County. The building, constructed in 1898, is credited to architect J. W. Golucke, a native of Wilkes County.
Courtesy of the Fitzpatrick Hotel
The Georgia Archives building, built in 1965 on Capitol Avenue in downtown Atlanta, was designed by A. Thomas Bradbury, the architect for several government buildings around the state capitol. In 2003 the archives relocated to a new site in Morrow.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives.
The Labor Building in Atlanta, pictured in 1955, was designed by A. Thomas Bradbury, a native of the city and graduate of the architecture school at Georgia Tech. Bradbury also designed the buildings housing the departments of human resources and transportation in Atlanta.
The Governor's Mansion, completed in 1967, was designed in the Greek revival style by Atlanta architect A. Thomas Bradbury. The thirty-room home, located in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, was first occupied by Governor Lester Maddox.
Photograph from Georgia.gov
Musician Joe South created the country soul genre in the 1960s. His songs were performed by major country and rock-and-roll singers and groups in the 1960s and 1970s.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Georgia Music Hall of Fame Collection.
Songwriter and musician Joe South won two Grammy Awards for his hit song "Games People Play" in 1969. While working as a studio musician in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and Nashville, Tennessee, South also played on recordings by such legendary performers as Aretha Franklin, Wilson Pickett, Marty Robbins, and Simon and Garfunkel.
Image from Capitol Records
The Statesmen were a renowned gospel group formed in 1948 by Hovie Lister. Over the years the lineup of the group changed many times. Pictured is the last configuration of the performers. Seated left to right, Jack Toney (lead), Hovie Lister (pianist), and Wallace Nelms (tenor); standing left to right, Doug Young (bass) and Rick Fair (baritone).
Savannah-born James Moody was one of the early innovators of bebop. The jazz saxophonist, composer, and band leader recorded more than fifty albums.
Jazz musician James Moody, a native of Savannah, performs in 2007 at his eighty-second birthday celebration, held in New York City.
Photograph by Ned Radinsky. Courtesy of rockymountainjazz.com
The 634-acre campus of Georgia Southern University in Statesboro features landscaped lawns, pine forests, and two lakes. Walkways wind through the campus and connect the main academic buildings.
Courtesy of Georgia Southern University
An early sketch, circa 1850, of the University of Georgia in Athens depicts the Franklin College quadrangle as seen from the southwest across Broad Street. The architecture of the campus was modeled after that of Yale University in Connecticut, the alma mater of Abraham Baldwin, UGA's first president.
Georgia Normal and Industrial College in Milledgeville, circa 1913. The college, known today as Georgia College and State University, was founded in 1889. The campus employs a quadrangle design on land originally used for a state prison.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #bal001.
Spelman Seminary in Atlanta, pictured circa 1912-13, was founded in 1881 and became Spelman College in 1924. Five years later, the Atlanta University Center formed, joining the school with other African American institutions in the city.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # ful0992c-86.
The Reverend William Holmes Borders served as pastor of Wheat Street Baptist Church in Atlanta from 1937 to 1988. In the late 1950s he led the Love, Law, and Liberation Movement to desegregate the city's bus system, and in the 1960s he arranged for the construction of a low-income housing project, Wheat Street Gardens.
Courtesy of Wheat Street Baptist Church; Estate of the Reverend William Holmes Borders Sr.
Wheat Street Baptist Church, located in the Sweet Auburn district of Atlanta, was founded in 1869. The church building, located at the corner of Auburn Avenue and Yonge Street (later William Holmes Borders Drive), was constructed between 1921 and 1939. William Holmes Borders, a prominent civil rights activist, was pastor of the church from 1937 to 1988.
From The United Negro: His Problems and His Progress: Containing the Addresses and Proceedings the Negro Young People's Christian and Educational Congress, Held August 6-11, 1902, by Irvine Garland Penn and John W. E. Bowen Sr.
Members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People gather in February 1957 for civil rights hearings held before the U.S. Senate in Washington, D.C. Prominent leaders from Georgia include A. T. Walden (second row, fourth from left) and the Reverend William Holmes Borders (second row, fifth from left).
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Visual Materials from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Records, #LC-USZ62-126520.
Leaders of the movement to desegregate the bus system in Atlanta gather in the office of Rev. William Holmes Borders (seated) at Wheat Street Baptist Church. From left, Rev. R. B. Shorts, Rev. R. Joseph Johnson, Rev. Howard T. Bussey, and Rev. Ray Williams.
Courtesy of Wheat Street Baptist Church; Estate of the Reverend William Holmes Borders Sr.
Charles E. Choate, a native of Houston County, was a Methodist minister and architect in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He designed several churches throughout the state, as well as commercial buildings and residences, particularly in Washington County.
Courtesy of the Washington County Chamber of Commerce
Tennille Baptist Church, pictured in the 1960s, was built in Washington County in 1900. The building was designed in the Romanesque revival style by Georgia architect Charles E. Choate, who was also a Methodist minister.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #was365.
The building for the Tennille Banking Company, pictured circa 1915, was designed by Georgia architect Charles E. Choate and completed in 1900. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
was277.
The teachings of the prophet Zarathushtra, also known as Zoroaster, form the basis for the ancient monotheistic religion Zoroastrianism. Zarathushtra is thought by most scholars to have lived in what is now Iran sometime between 1500 and 1000 B.C. An active Zoroastrian community has existed in Atlanta since the early 1990s.
Courtesy of Alliance of Religions and Conservation
The faravahar, a prominent motif in Middle Eastern art, functions as a symbol of the Zoroastrian faith. Interpretations of the symbol vary. Zoroastrianism is an ancient religion practiced around the world, with approximately 250 adherents in Georgia as of 2007.
Image from Wikimedia
The main sanctuary of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, a megachurch in Atlanta, holds 7,500 people. The use of state-of-the-art technology, including lighting, sound systems, and wide-screen video monitors, is a hallmark of the worship experience in many megachurches.
Courtesy of the Sizemore Group, the Architects
Savannah Christian Church, a megachurch in Savannah, operates a bookstore on the church campus. Many megachurches offer a variety of services and facilities to their members, including bookstores, gymnasiums, information centers, and shuttle services.
Courtesy of Savannah Christian Church
Congregation Mickve Israel in Savannah is the oldest Jewish congregation in the South and the third oldest in the United States. The congregation was founded during the establishment of the colony in 1733, and the current temple building was completed in 1878.
Photograph by Mark Kortum
The Jewish section of Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta is included in a database of cemeteries and burial sites compiled by the Jewish Cemetery Association of Georgia. The association was founded by volunteers at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta.
Photograph by Kate Wrightson
During the antebellum period in Atlanta, most Jews supported the Confederacy, including David Mayer. Mayer served as Governor Joseph E. Brown's commissary officer, and later became a founding and longtime member of Atlanta's school board.
Detectives investigate the damage at the side entrance of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, commonly known as "the Temple," in Atlanta. The Temple was bombed on October 12, 1958, probably in response to the civil rights activism of the congregation's rabbi, Jacob Rothschild.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, which first organized in 1860 as the Hebrew Benevolent Society, began construction in 1875 on a synagogue in Atlanta. The Temple, as it came to be known, continues to serve the Jewish community in the city.
Photograph by David
Herman Myers, a prominent member of the Jewish community in Savannah, was mayor of that city during the 1890s.
Photograph by Wikimedia
Congregation Mickve Israel, founded in 1733, is the oldest Jewish congregation in the South. The current synagogue, erected in Savannah between 1876 and 1878, is designed in the Gothic style and features a museum documenting the congregation's history.
Photograph by Kelly Caudle, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Congregation Mickve Israel, pictured circa 1930, was built in 1878 on Bull Street, on the east side of Monterey Square. The synagogue is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ctm162.
Scott Wilson, an Atlanta native, was an actor with credits in more than fifty feature films and in numerous television productions. His filmography includes In the Heat of the Night (1967), In Cold Blood (1967), The Great Gatsby (1974), Dead Man Walking (1995), Pearl Harbor (2001), and Junebug (2005).
Courtesy of Scott Wilson
Former members of the dissolved Ruskin Commonwealth, a utopian community in Dickson County, Tennessee, arrive at the Ware County railroad station in September 1899 to join the Duke Colony, a cooperative farming community located eight miles southwest of Waycross.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
war002.
A cabin built by members of the Macedonia Cooperative Community during the 1940s is pictured in 1975. The community was founded in Habersham County in 1937 and practiced communal living, spiritual searching, and pacifism.
Photograph by W. Edward Orser
The printing office for the Coming Nation, the newspaper published by the Ruskin Commonwealth in Ware County, also served as a community dining room. A cooperative farm community, the Ruskin Commonwealth was incorporated in 1899 and disbanded in 1902.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
war014.
The workshop for Community Playthings, a toy and furniture business run by members of the Macedonia Cooperative Community, is pictured in 1975. The Macedonia community, located in Habersham County, was founded in 1937 and disbanded in 1957.
Photograph by W. Edward Orser
Members of the Liberty Congregational Church in Hart County gather for a homecoming photograph, circa 1948. The church was likely established around 1878 by Moses Gordon Fleming and continues to be an active congregation.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
hrt099.
Midway Congregational Church, located in Liberty County, was founded in 1754 and is one of the oldest Congregational churches in the state. The current building was erected in 1792 to replace the church's first structure, which was burned in 1778 during the Revolutionary War.
Image from Ebyabe
Duncan's Creek Congregational Church, pictured in 1955, was built in Gwinnett County in 1889. The Congregational denomination has maintained a presence in Georgia since the eighteenth century.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
gwn094.
Mulberry Christian Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1873 and offered church services and a school to Black residents of Lincolnton, the seat of Lincoln County. A congregation of approximately 200 members continues to meet in the church.
Courtesy of Lincolnton-Lincoln County Chamber of Commerce
St. Paul Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, pictured in 2007, is located in Athens. The Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (CME Church) is a historically Black denomination established in 1870. Originally known as the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, the denomination officially changed its name in 1956.
Photograph by Katie Korth
As bishop of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, Lucius Holsey oversaw the growth of the denomination in his native state of Georgia. He was also instrumental in the establishment of Paine Institute (later Paine College), which opened in Augusta in 1884.
Photograph by Mathew B. Brady. Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration
Paine Institute (later Paine College) was founded in Augusta by leaders of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, including Lucius Holsey, in 1884. Haygood Memorial Hall (pictured) is known today as Haygood Holsey Hall and houses administrative offices.
Used with permission of Documenting the American South, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries
Traditional gospel singer and songwriter Dottie Peoples is also a record producer and the host of the radio show The Dottie Peoples Showcase.
Photograph from Dottie Peoples
Protesters march down Broad Street in Albany during the Albany Movement, one of the largest civil rights campaigns in Georgia. From 1961 to 1962 Black residents protested the city's segregationist practices. Around 1,200 protesters were imprisoned as a result of their activities during the movement.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #dgh231-86.
Babbie Mason is an award-winning contemporary Christian singer and songwriter.
Courtesy of Babbie Mason
Blues musician Precious Bryant performs at the Atlanta History Center Blues Festival. Born in Talbot County in 1942, Bryant learned to play guitar as a child and began performing publicly in the 1960s.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
This cartoon, by well-known political cartoonist Clifford "Baldy" Baldowski, refers to the Ministers' Manifesto, a statement issued by the Atlanta Christian Council in 1957 to urge the peaceful integration of public schools. A second manifesto, encouraging racial moderation, was issued in the wake of the Temple bombing in 1958. The cartoon, published in 1960, appeared in the Atlanta Constitution.
Courtesy of Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Clifford Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection.
Atlanta mayor William B. Hartsfield speaks about the bombing of "the Temple" in Atlanta on October 13, 1958, the day after a dynamite blast destroyed portions of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation's synagogue. Hartsfield denounced the act, accusing the bombers of giving "a bad name to the South."
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Reporters gather at Atlanta's city hall on August 30, 1961, the day that the city's schools were officially integrated. The recommendations of the Sibley Commission to the state legislature in 1960 contributed to the desegregation of schools across Georgia.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection.
Louie D. Newton, pictured in 1949 in his office at Druid Hills Baptist Church in Atlanta, was a prominent Baptist preacher, author, editor, radio personality, and denominational leader. A native of Screven County, Newton was the pastor at Druid Hills from 1929 until his retirement in 1968.
Courtesy of Christian Index
An old-time string band from Gordon County, the Georgia Yellow Hammers made many recordings in the 1920s.
Located on South Wall Street in Calhoun, the Moss Music Company was owned by Lawrence Moss, the stepfather of Phil Reeve of the Georgia Yellow Hammers. In the photograph pianos can be seen in the right background and sewing machines in the right foreground. Pictured, left to right: the Harper brothers, Phil Reeve, and Moss.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
gor298.
Southern gospel music songwriter and performer Lee Roy Abernathy was an innovator. He invented a music typesetting system, pioneered the use of public address systems in gospel concerts, and wrote the first singing commercials.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Georgia Music Hall of Fame Collection.
Renowned evangelist Billy Graham, pictured in 1966, first brought his crusade to Georgia in 1948, when he visited Augusta. He returned to Georgia in 1950, drawing 25,000 people to his crusade at Ponce de Leon Ballpark in Atlanta. Later crusades in Atlanta were held in 1973 and 1994, attracting crowds of approximately 40,000 and 300,000 respectively.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Billy Graham (fourth from left) attends a prayer breakfast in Atlanta with Georgia governor Jimmy Carter (second from left) in the early 1970s. State representative Dorsey Matthews stands between Carter and Graham.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #ful0088.
Evangelist minister Billy Graham holds a noon prayer meeting at the Peachtree Arcade in Atlanta during his six-week crusade to the city in 1950. The arcade, built in 1916-17, is an example of the Beaux-Arts style of architecture popular during the late Victorian period. It was designed by A. Ten Eyck Brown, a prominent Atlanta architect.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Julia Harris (left) poses with artist Marcel Lenoir. An Atlanta native, Harris was co-owner of the Columbus Enquirer-Sun, along with her husband, Julian Harris, during the 1920s. The couple's editorials against the Ku Klux Klan won a Pulitzer Prize in 1926, and in 1998 Harris was inducted into Georgia Women of Achievement.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Sherman's March (1986), a documentary film by Ross McElwee, chronicles the filmmaker's search for love in the modern South while loosely retracing Sherman's 1864 march to the sea. Portions of the film take place on Stone Mountain, near Atlanta, and on the Georgia coast, near Savannah.
Filmmaker and professor Ross McElwee is pictured during the filming of Bright Leaves. In 1986 McElwee's documentary Sherman's March, much of which was filmed in Georgia, was released to critical acclaim.
Image from AdrianMcElwee
Williams Hall, on the campus of Luther Rice University in Lithonia, houses administrative and faculty offices, as well as classroom space. Founded in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1962 as Luther Rice Seminary, the university moved to its current campus in 1988 and offers both an undergraduate Bible college and a graduate-level seminary.
Photograph by Russ Sorrow
A film crew shoots a commercial for Georgia tourism at Stone Mountain in 2006. Commercial production increased dramatically in the state during the first years of the twenty-first century, with such major corporations as Coca-Cola, Delta, Ford Motor Company, and General Electric choosing to film in Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
A camera operator works on a film set in Georgia, where the film industry has generated more than $4 billion for the state's economy since the 1970s. The Georgia Film, Video, and Music Office, established in 1973 by then-governor Jimmy Carter, recruited more than 550 major projects between 1973 and 2007.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Sally Fields (left) and Burt Reynolds are pictured during the filming of Smokey and the Bandit (1977). An enormous commercial success, the film was one of several projects that Reynolds brought to Georgia during the 1970s.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Cast members of the television series In the Heat of the Night pose during the filming of an episode in downtown Covington, circa 1994. From left, Denise Nicholas (Harriet DeLong), Carroll O'Connor (Sheriff Bill Gillespie), and Carl Weathers (Chief Hampton Forbes).
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Crew members shoot an episode of The Dukes of Hazzard in Covington, circa 1979. The first several episodes of the series were filmed in Covington before production moved to California. The famous shot of the airborne General Lee, the Duke cousins' muscle car, was filmed at nearby Oxford College.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Mary-Louise Parker (left) and Mary Stuart Masterson are pictured during the filming of Fried Green Tomatoes (1991), adapted from a novel by Fannie Flagg. Although set in Alabama, the film was shot in the small town of Juliette, in Monroe County. Portions of the film set, including the Whistle Stop Cafe, are now open to visitors.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Robert Redford (right), the director of The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000), demonstrates a golf swing to the film's stars, Matt Damon (left) and Will Smith (second from left). The film was shot in the streets and country clubs of Savannah.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Students in the video production program at West Georgia Technical College in LaGrange work on a class project. In addition to producing three television series, students at the college have won awards for two documentaries, Soaring with Eagles and Helping to Build Hope.
Courtesy of Technical College System of Georgia
Attendees of the 2006 Savannah Film Festival congregate outside the historic Trustees Theatre, which was restored by the Savannah College of Art and Design. The festival, which is hosted by SCAD each fall, offers feature-length, short, and documentary films from around the world.
Courtesy of Savannah College of Art and Design
The Athens-based rock band R.E.M. has filmed some of their music videos in Georgia over the years, including collaborations with Chattooga County artist Howard Finster and Hall County artist R. A. Miller. From left, Peter Buck, Michael Stipe, and Mike Mills.
Courtesy of Warner Brothers Records
With increased financial incentives to film in Georgia, international studios invested resources to produce in the state. These three photographs show the Pinewood Atlanta Studios site in Fayette County before, during, and after construction. Originally part-owned by British Pinewood Studios, the Fayette location has since become an independent venture named Trilith Studios.
From USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office. Collage by Jonathan D. Hepworth, New Georgia Encyclopedia.
With a generous state tax credit passed in 2008, Atlanta became known as “the Hollywood of the South.” Here, a parking lot across from the Richard B. Russell Federal Building becomes a Lagos, Nigeria, street scene in filming the movie Captain America: Civil War in 2015.
From torontokid2, Wikimedia Commons
A portrait of journalist Clark Howell who served as a bridge from Georgia to the rest of the nation in matters political and journalistic.
Georgia Historical Quarterly
Ambrose Wright, a native of Jefferson County, served as a general in the Confederate army during the Civil War. In 1866 he became part owner and editor of the Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel newspaper, which he used to protest radical Republican policies during Reconstruction.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
The television film Andersonville (1996), directed by John Frankenheimer, portrays the experiences of Union soldiers held at Andersonville Prison, the notorious Civil War prison located in Sumter County. The miniseries, starring Carmen Argenziano, Jarrod Emick, Frederic Forrest, and Ted Marcoux, was filmed partially in Coweta County.
A sketch of the Andersonville prison, by John B. Walker (1864). The set of Andersonville, a 1996 television film directed by John Frankenheimer, was modeled on the buildings of the original prison.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Georgia Historical Society Collection of Photographs, 1870-1960, #GHS 1361PH-21-13-4296.
Warm Springs (2005), a film produced by Home Box Office, chronicles the experiences of Franklin D. Roosevelt at his home in Warm Springs during the 1920s. The film, which stars Kenneth Branagh as Roosevelt and Cynthia Nixon as Roosevelt's wife, Eleanor, was filmed on location at Warm Springs, in Meriwether County.
Franklin D. Roosevelt first visited Warm Springs in 1924, after contracting polio, and soon thereafter bought a home in the area. The house later became known as the "Little White House," after Roosevelt's election as U.S. president in 1932.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
The Three Faces of Eve (1957), a film starring Georgia native Joanne Woodward, is an adaptation of a book by the same name, written by doctors Corbett H. Thigpen and Hervey M. Cleckley. The narrative chronicles the experiences of a young housewife with multiple personalities, who was initially diagnosed and treated at the Medical College of Georgia (later Georgia Health Sciences University) in Augusta. The film was produced and directed by Nunnally Johnson, another Georgia native.
The front page of the inaugural issue of the Great Speckled Bird, a countercultural newspaper published in Atlanta from March 1968 to October 1976, features a mock obituary for Atlanta Constitution editor Ralph McGill, lamenting his support for the use of nuclear weapons in Vietnam.
Melvyn Douglas was a prominent film, television, and theater actor in the mid-twentieth century, and one of the few to win an Oscar, an Emmy, and a Tony award. Born in Macon, Douglas first entered show business at the age of two, when he won first prize at the 1903 Georgia State Fair Baby Show.
Actor Melvyn Douglas (right), a Macon native, chats with actor Paul Robeson at a benefit in Washington, D.C., in June 1942. Earlier that year Douglas, an active member of the Democratic Party, was appointed head of the Office of Civilian Defense Arts Council, which enlisted the help of artists to support the war effort during World War II.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Melvyn Douglas (seated) starred as Henry Drummond in a stage production of Inherit the Wind during the 1950s.
Eliza Frances Andrews (pictured ca. 1879) was a writer of journals, novels, newspaper reports, botany articles and textbooks, and editorials. Her published diary, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 1864-1865, is one of the most compelling first-person accounts of the Civil War home front.
Courtesy of University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Lupton Library Special Collections
Image of Eliza Frances Andrews in the War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 1864-1865, one of the most compelling first-person accounts of the Civil War (1861-65) home front, published in 1908. Eliza Frances Andrews was a writer, newspaper reporter, editor, columnist, social critic, scientist, and educator. By the time of her death in 1931 in Rome, Georgia, Andrews had written three novels, more than a dozen scientific articles on botany, two internationally recognized botany textbooks, and dozens of articles, commentaries, and reports on topics ranging from politics to environmental issues.
Image from The War Time Journal of a Georgia Girl (1908)
Viewpoints, the historical journal for Georgia Baptists, is published every two years by the Georgia Baptist Historical Society and the Georgia Baptist Historical Commission. First published in 1968, Viewpoints is housed at the Georgia Baptist History Repository in the Jack Tarver Library of Mercer University in Macon.
Journalist Millard Grimes, a Georgia native, wrote for a number of publications in the state, including the Athens Daily News, the Columbus Ledger, and the Red and Black, the student newspaper at the University of Georgia. Grimes also twice owned the business magazine Georgia Trend, which he sold for the second time in 1999.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Georgia Photo File.
Journalist Lucian Lamar Knight worked as a literary editor for the Atlanta Constitution and as an associate editor for the Atlanta Georgian before becoming the founder and first director of the Georgia Department of Archives and History (later Georgia Archives).
Courtesy of Georgia Archives,
Ad Hoc Collection, #
ah00134.
Damage to the synagogue of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, known as "the Temple," is pictured on October 12, 1958, the day that fifty sticks of dynamite destroyed portions of the building, including part of the sanctuary.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
Atlanta mayor William Hartsfield (left) and Jacob Rothschild, rabbi of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, examine rubble on October 13, 1958, the day after the bombing of the congregation's synagogue, known as "the Temple."
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Atlanta police officials W. K. Perry (left) and I. G. Cowan investigate the synagogue of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, which was dynamited on October 12, 1958. The involvement of the Temple's rabbi, Jacob Rothschild, in the civil rights movement may have been the motivation behind the bombing.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Observers investigate damage to "the Temple," the synagogue of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, on October 13, 1958, the day after the building was bombed. Although no one was injured in the blast, damage amounted to $100,000.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
George Bright (left), a suspect in the bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation's synagogue in Atlanta, stands with his attorney, Reuben Garland, during his January 1959 trial. Much to the dismay of Atlanta's Jewish community, Garland won an acquittal for Bright, the only suspect ever brought to trial.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Jacob Rothschild, who served as rabbi for the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta from 1946 to 1973, reads during a Rosh Hashanah service. During his tenure Rothschild was an advocate for civil rights and developed a close friendship with Martin Luther King Jr.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Georgia Writers Association, founded by volunteers in 1994, supports and encourages literary efforts in the state by educating writers about the publishing industry, promoting the works of writers to the public, and sponsoring events. The organization also publishes a bimonthly journal, Georgia Writers News/Mag.
Courtesy of Georgia Writers Association
Anthony Grooms is the author of a collection of poetry, Ice Poems (1988), a collection of stories, Trouble No More (1995), and two novels, Bombingham (2001) and The Vain Conversation (2018).
Photograph by J. D. Scott
Founded by poet and novelist David Bottoms and fiction writer Pam Durban, Five Points printed their first issue in the fall of 1996.
Poet Alfred Corn's collection Contradictions was published in 2002 by Copper Canyon Press. Corn, born in Bainbridge, has published several collections of poetry as well as essays, translations, and other writings.
The Cross and Flame of the United Methodist Church represent the denomination's relationship to Christ and the Holy Spirit, respectively. The image also symbolizes founder John Wesley's epiphany during a Moravian meeting in 1738, when he felt his "heart strangely warmed."
Reprinted by permission of General Council on Finance and Administration of The United Methodist Church
Arthur Moore was a prominent Methodist bishop in the Atlanta area from 1940 until his retirement in 1960. Before coming to Atlanta, Moore served as the pastor of churches in Texas and Alabama and, while bishop of the Pacific Coast area, led the Bishops' Crusade in 1937.
Courtesy of Moore Methodist Museum
The 1968 Uniting Conference, held in Dallas, Texas, joined the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren, a Midwestern denomination, to form the United Methodist Church.
A congregation gathers in 1954 at Saint Mark United Methodist Church in Midtown Atlanta. The church was formed in 1872 as the Peachtree Street Mission (or the City Mission) of the First Methodist Church in Atlanta, and by 1875 was known as the Sixth Methodist Church. The congregation adopted its present name in 1902, the same year in which its current church building, designed by W. F. Denny, was constructed.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection.
British artist Thomas Addison Richards painted River Plantation (1855-60) from sketches made in Georgia during his travels through the South in the 1840s. Oil on canvas (20 1/4" x 30").
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
Henry Ossawa Turner employed a French Barbizon-influenced palette and brushstrokes to create his Georgia Landscape (ca. 1889). Turner, born in Pennsylvania, lived in Atlanta for two years, during which time he opened a photography studio and taught painting and drawing at Clark University.
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
George Cooke's Tallulah Falls (1841) features elements typical of the Hudson River School of landscape painting, particularly in its depiction of the picturesque and sublime. Tallulah Falls, located in the northeast Georgia mountains, comprises four waterfalls, three of which Cooke captures in his painting. Oil on canvas (35 3/4" x 28 3/4").
Courtesy of Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia; gift of Mrs. William Lorenzo Moss. GMOA 1959.646
A portrait of James Habersham Sr., president of the state legislature and acting governor during the colonial era, was painted by artist Jeremiah Theus in the 1770s. Theus, a native of Switzerland, lived and worked in Charleston, South Carolina, for several decades and established himself as a prominent southern painter. Oil on canvas.
Courtesy of Telfair Museums.
Plantation Portrait (1885) was painted by William Aiken Walker, a well-known itinerant painter best known for his depictions of everyday life in the South. Oil on canvas (14" x 24").
Courtesy of Morris Museum of Art
A hand-colored aquatint by M. Dubourg depicts a Methodist camp meeting held in North America, circa 1819. Camp meetings were a common event during the years of the Second Great Awakening, a series of Protestant revivals held between 1790 and 1830.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
John Wesley, a native of England, served as Anglican rector to the Georgia colony between 1735 and 1737. During this time, Wesley's interactions with Moravian settlers influenced his theological perspective, which eventually led to the formal establishment of the Methodist Church in England in 1784. His teachings also spread throughout the colonies, and the Methodist denomination in America was formalized that same year.
Richard Allen (center), the founder of the African Methodist Episcopal denomination, is depicted with other bishops in an 1876 lithograph. Established in Pennsylvania in 1816, the AME Church arrived in Georgia at the close of the Civil War, as missionaries from the denomination entered the state with Union troops.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Members of the Bush Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church congregation in Barrow County pose at the church on Easter Sunday, 1925. The AME Zion denomination was founded in New York City in 1821 and arrived in the South to minister to freedpeople during the Civil War.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
brw115.
Old Main Hall on the campus of Andrew College, a two-year institution in Cuthbert. Founded in 1854 as a women's college, today the school offers a liberal arts curriculum to approximately 400 male and female students. Named for Methodist bishop James Osgood Andrew, the school is affiliated with the United Methodist Church.
Image from Rivers Langley
The Orphan's Home, pictured circa 1910, was founded in Norcross in 1871 but moved soon thereafter to its current location in Decatur. Known today as the United Methodist Children's Home, the institution houses around 70 children and provides a variety of social services to approximately 3,000 children each year.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #dek420-85.
Warren A. Candler Hospital, pictured in the early 1960s, was founded as a seaman's hospital in Savannah in 1803 and was acquired by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in 1930. The Methodists named the facility in honor of Bishop Warren A. Candler.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ctm134.
Poet Turner Cassity, a Mississippi native, worked for nearly thirty years as a librarian at Emory University's Robert W. Woodruff Library. Cassity's verse tends toward the New Formalist school and offers a broad interpretation of modern "southernness."
Tayari Jones, an Atlanta native, writes short stories, articles, and novels, many of which focus on African American life in her hometown after the civil rights movement. A graduate of Spelman College, Jones has received fellowships from the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference and the Corporation of Yaddo, among others.
Photograph by Richard Powers
Leaving Atlanta, the debut novel of Atlanta native Tayari Jones, chronicles the child murders of 1979-81 in Atlanta's Black community. Told from the perspective of three elementary school children, the novel received several awards and honors, including the Lillian Smith Book Award in 2005.
The Untelling, published in 2005, is the second novel by Atlanta native Tayari Jones. Through a narrative focusing on a young African American woman's work among the poor in Atlanta, Jones explores the changing dynamics of race, class, and gender in the urban South.
Mars Hill Baptist Church, located in Watkinsville, was founded in 1799. Pictured in 2006, the church is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention, which formed in Augusta in 1845.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
The Christian Index, the official newspaper of the Georgia Baptist Convention, has a circulation of around 62,000. This issue, dated Thursday, April 7, 1921, is volume 101, number 14.
Kiokee Baptist Church, located today in Appling, is the oldest Baptist church still active in Georgia. Pictured is the church's third building, which was constructed in 1808 several miles outside Appling in Columbia County.
Courtesy of Jarrett Burch
Jehovah's Witnesses, an indigenous American religious group, hold services in buildings known as "kingdom halls." Pictured is the Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses in Monticello.
Photograph by Benny Hawthorne
Charles Taze Russell, pictured in 1917, founded the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, the forerunner of the modern-day Jehovah's Witnesses, in Pennsylvania in 1884. As of 2005 approximately 16,000 Witnesses made Georgia their home.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Buildings Survey, #HABS GA,107-SPLA,1-1.
Joanne Woodward, born in Thomasville and raised in Marietta, became a major film star during the 1950s. Known for playing southern characters, Woodward won an Oscar in 1958 for her portrayal of a Georgia woman with multiple personality disorder in The Three Faces of Eve.
Photograph by Fran Collin
Joanne Woodward, a Georgia native, married fellow actor Paul Newman in 1958 and starred with him in a number of films, including The Long Hot Summer (1958), The Drowning Pool (1975), and Mr. and Mrs. Bridge (1990). The couple also established the food-products line Newman's Own, which donates all proceeds to charity, as well as the Scott Newman Foundation, which works to prevent drug abuse.
Courtesy of Westport Country Playhouse
Joanne Woodward, a well-known film actor and Georgia native, sits in the auditorium of the Westport Country Playhouse in Westport, Connecticut. Woodward served as the company's artistic director from 2000 through 2005.
Courtesy of Westport Country Playhouse
A public school building in Washington, the seat of Wilkes County, is pictured in the late 1800s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
wlk076.
Noonday School in Cobb County was one of many one-room schoolhouses found throughout Georgia during the nineteenth century. The bank of side windows is a typical feature of such structures.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cob602.
The headquarters for Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB), which comprises GPB Television, GPB Radio, and the Education and Technology Services Division, are located in Atlanta. As of 2006 the network operated nine television stations and sixteen radio stations across the state.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Masani (left), the host of The Jazz Spot, a series on GPB Radio, conducts an interview. The studios for GPB Radio, one component of the Georgia Public Broadcasting network, are located in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Georgia Public Broadcasting.
James McMahon Cox Jr., pictured in 1973, inherited control of Cox Enterprises in 1957, upon the death of his father, James Middleton Cox. Under his leadership, the company acquired its first cable television station in 1962 and also entered into the publishing, film, and automobile auction industries.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
James Middleton Cox is pictured at his desk in 1920, during his third term as the governor of Ohio. Although Cox never lived in Georgia, his 1939 purchase of the Atlanta Journal and the Atlanta Georgian gave him significant political power in the state. Cox also acquired WSB, the South's first radio station, in the deal.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
James M. Cox (left), the governor of Ohio and founder of Cox Enterprises, is pictured at the White House with Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1920. That year Roosevelt, who was elected president of the United States in 1932, ran as Cox's vice presidential candidate during Cox's unsuccessful bid for the presidency.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
An employee of Cox Communications, a subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, installs telecommunications wire. The nation's third-largest cable company in 2006, Cox Communications offers multiservice broadband communications to 6.7 million customers around the nation.
Courtesy of Cox Communications
A consortium of six institutions, the Interdenominational Theological Center has provided theological training and graduate study to African Americans since 1958.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
German artist Philip Georg Friedrich von Reck drew a map of New Ebenezer during his visit to the settlement in 1736. New Ebenezer, located on the bluffs above the Savannah River, was the second settlement established by the Georgia Salzburgers, a group of Protestants expelled from the Catholic province of Salzburg in 1731.
Illustration by Philip Georg Friedrich von Reck
Jerusalem Church was established by the Salzburgers in Ebenezer during the 1730s. Ebenezer, left in ruins after the Revolutionary War, had disappeared by 1855, but Jerusalem Church, now known as Jerusalem Evangelical Lutheran Church, still stands. It is one of the few buildings in Georgia left intact after the Revolutionary War.
Photograph by Bruce Tuten
This sketch of the early Ebenezer settlement was drawn in 1736 by Philip Georg Friedrich von Reck. That same year the Salzburger settlement moved to a location closer to the Savannah River, where conditions were better for farming.
Print from Von Reck Archive, Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen
The German Lutheran Church in Augusta, pictured in 1895, was one of the many Lutheran churches to spring up around the state during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ric205.
Martin Luther, depicted in an 1882 painting by F. W. Wehle, reads from the pulpit. A German monk, Luther began the Protestant movement in 1517 by rebelling against the authority of the Catholic Church. He was excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1521 and went on to found "the churches of the Augsburg confession," the precursor to the Lutheran Church.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Legend holds that Martin Luther, the founder of Protestantism and the Lutheran Church, nailed ninety-five theses, or opinions, of dissent to the door of the Catholic church in Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31, 1517.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Lutheran Church of the Ascension, pictured circa 1930, was built in Savannah during the 1870s in the Romanesque-Gothic style. Lutheran congregations struggled in the years after the Civil War to retain and attract members, but by the end of the nineteenth century, the denomination experienced a renewed growth in the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #ctm157.
Lutheran minister Johann Martin Boltzius, along with religious refugees from Salzburger, founded the settlement of Ebenezer near Savannah in the early 1730s as a religious utopia. Boltzius hoped to create a successful economic system that was not dependent upon slavery.
An engraving of Anglican minister George Whitefield, created in 1774, depicts him preaching at a church in New York. A popular figure of the eighteenth-century Great Awakening in America, Whitefield founded the Bethesda orphanage near Savannah in 1740.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
The High Museum of Art, located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta, houses a permanent collection of more than 11,000 pieces, including nineteenth- and twentieth-century American collections, folk art, and African art. Its current building, designed in 1983 by Richard Meier, has received awards and honors for its architectural excellence.
Courtesy of High Museum of Art
The Georgia Railroad Bank Building, known today as the Wells Fargo Building, was erected in 1967 on Broad Street in Augusta to serve as headquarters for the First Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia. The building was designed by architect Robert McCreary.
Courtesy of Augusta Richmond County Historical Society, Reese Library Loose Photographs Collection, Broad Street Series.
Designed by Richard Meier in the modernist style, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta was completed in 1983. In 2005 an addition to the museum, designed by architect Renzo Piano, opened to the public.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
A "Save the Fox" poster from 1976 advertises "An Evening at the Fox" fund-raising event held by Delta Zeta sorority. During the 1970s, the theater was threatened with demolition, but efforts by Atlanta historic preservation groups prevented its destruction.
Courtesy of Fox Theatre. Copyright Delta Zeta Sorority
Atlanta's Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, built in 1873-80, helped to establish William H. Parkins as one of Georgia's leading architects. More than a century later, in 1982-84, the building was restored by architect Henry Howard Smith, the son of renowned Atlanta architect Francis Palmer Smith, after the church was damaged by fire.
Image from Warren LeMay
The Muscogee County Courthouse in Columbus was constructed in the early 1970s, after the Columbus and Muscogee governments merged to form a consolidated government. Designed by Edward W. Neal, the building is an example of the New Formalist style of modern architecture.
Courtesy of Don Bowman
The architecture building at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, completed in 1979, is an example of the Brutalist style of modern architecture. It was designed by architect Cooper Carry.
Photograph by Aria Ritz Finkelstein
The Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University in Atlanta, designed by notable architect Michael Graves, offers numerous lectures, workshops, and performances as part of its educational program. Around 20,000 Georgia children visit the museum each year, and many more participate in Art Odyssey, the museum's outreach program.
Image from Gary Todd
Hollywood actor Kim Basinger signs autographs in 1991 at the University of Georgia's Henry Field Stadium tennis complex. An Athens native, Basinger donated a lighting system to the facility.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Kim Basinger arrives at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Buckhead, circa 1990. Born in Athens, Basinger is a well-known Hollywood actor, as well as a fashion model and recording artist.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Kim Basinger attends a 2006 benefit for the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The Oscar-winning actor and former model is a native of Athens. In 1989 the actress purchased the town of Braselton in Jackson County, with plans to build a movie studio and begin a film festival there. In 1994 she sold the town.
Photograph by Corbis
Anne Cox Chambers accepts the Human Relations Award in 1984 from U.S. president Jimmy Carter. Chambers received the award during the annual banquet of the Institute of Human Relations of the American Jewish Committee.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Larry Jon Wilson, an Augusta-based singer, songwriter, and composer, began his musical career in 1975 with the release of his first album, New Beginnings. His work is described by critics as a blend of country, soul, and folk.
Courtesy of Larry Jon Wilson
Georgia singer, songwriter Larry Jon Wilson with his guitar. WIlson's released his first album in 1975 and released six more before his death in 2010.
Courtesy of Larry Jon Wilson
Singer, Songwriter Larry Jon Wilson performing on stage. Wilson taught himself to play the guitar at age thirty and soon transferred from a career in chemistry to one in music.
Courtesy of Larry Jon Wilson
Furman Bisher, a prolific and highly regarded sportswriter and editor, began his career in North Carolina, his home state. In 1950 he became sports editor at the Atlanta Constitution and continued with the paper until his retirement in 2009. Bisher also wrote for such national periodicals as Sports Illustrated and the Sporting News, in addition to publishing several books.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Sportswriter Furman Bisher is pictured during the Masters Tournament at the Augusta National Golf Club in 2000. Bisher began his career in 1938 and covered the Masters each year for the rest of his life.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Lewis Grizzard (left) and Furman Bisher, sportswriters and columnists for the Atlanta Constitution, are pictured in 1990.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Macon Telegraph was housed in this building, pictured in the early 1950s, during the editorship of Peyton Anderson Jr.
Courtesy of Peyton Anderson Foundation
The headquarters for Cox Communications, pictured in 2006, are located in Atlanta. The third-largest cable-television provider as of 2006, the company serves 6.7 million customers around the country. In addition to cable television, Cox offers telephone and Internet services.
Courtesy of Cox Communications
Cox Communications employee Paul Voutsinas talks with elementary students in Las Vegas, Nevada, as part of the company's Careers on Wheels program. Cox is also involved with public education through its Cable in the Classroom program, which provides commercial-free programming to schools.
Courtesy of Cox Communications
Bill Shipp, pictured in 2006, served as a prominent Georgia journalist and political commentator. His journalistic career stretched over half a century, and his pronouncements and predictions were heeded by policymakers and activists at all levels of government.
Courtesy of Bill Shipp Enterprises, Inc.
The Savannah Morning News, founded in 1850 by William Tappan Thompson, covers news for the coastal region of Georgia, as well as for a number of inland counties. The paper has a daily circulation of 56,000 during the week, and 70,000 on Sundays.
Image from Josh Hallett
Built in the 1920s on Rupley Street in Virginia Highland, an Atlanta neighborhood, this home is an example of the architecture inspired by Gustav Stickley through his magazine, The Craftsman, published from 1901 until 1916.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The post office in Savannah, pictured circa 1900, was built in 1898 at the corner of Bull and Whitaker streets. Architect William Aiken designed the building in the Renaissance-revival style.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # ctm087.
Women play badminton at the home of Dr. Hickman in Sand Hills, an Augusta neighborhood, circa 1898. During the late Victorian period (1895-1920), smaller cottages in the Sand Hills area were replaced with larger homes.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # ric158.
Ansley Park, a late-Victorian suburban development in Atlanta, was established in 1904. During the first two decades of the twentieth century, several new neighborhoods grew up around downtown Atlanta, including Druid Hills, Morningside, Garden Hills, and Brookwood.
Image from Warren LeMay
The Ponce de Leon Apartments, designed by W. L. Stoddart and completed in 1913, was the premier apartment building in Atlanta during the late Victorian period.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Windsor Hotel (1892) in Americus was designed by G. L. Norrman in the Queen Anne style. It was conceived as an attraction for wealthy northerners looking for summer accommodations. The hotel was renovated and restored in the early 1990s.
Image from Wikimedia Commons
The Briarcliff Hotel in Atlanta, pictured in 1979, was designed by G. Lloyd Preacher. Also known as the "Seven Fifty," the hotel was built on the corner of Ponce de Leon and North Highland avenues in 1924-25.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Considered to be Atlanta's first skyscraper, the eight-story Equitable Building (1892, razed in 1971) was designed by John Wellborn Root in the Chicago School style. It was the first fireproof office building in the Southeast, and is the only building Root designed in Georgia.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Buildings Survey, #HABS GA,61-ATLA,13--1.
The Flatiron Building, pictured in 1911, is the oldest standing skyscraper in Atlanta. Built in 1897, the building was designed by Bradford Gilbert, a New York architect.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Savannah Volunteer Guards Armory (photographed here circa 1902) was designed by William G. Preston in the Romanesque revival style. The Savannah College of Art and Design purchased the Bull Street structure in 1979. After restoration, the building was renamed Poetter Hall for two of the school's cofounders.
Courtesy of Georgia Southern University, Image from Art Work of Savannah and Augusta, Georgia
From left (inside arch), Corporation for Olympic Development in Atlanta president Clara Axam, Georgia State University president Carl Patton, Atlanta mayor Bill Campbell, and Spelman College president Johnnetta Cole attend the 1997 dedication of the Carnegie Education Pavilion in Atlanta. The arch, designed by Henri Jova, incorporates a fragment of the Carnegie Library, built in Atlanta by Ackerman and Ross in 1900-1902.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Atlanta's Terminal Station, pictured in 1955, was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by P. Thornton Marye. Completed in 1905, the station was renovated and expanded in 1947.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Georgia Industrial Institute, later the Georgia State Prison, in Reidsville was completed in 1936. Pictured in 2013, the building was designed by the Atlanta architectural firm Tucker and Howell.
Courtesy of Robert M. Craig
The design for Grady Memorial Hospital, pictured here in 2014, was completed in 1948 and construction was completed in 1958. Robert and Company designed the building in the modern style.
Courtesy of Robert M. Craig
The Varsity restaurant, pictured here in 2009, first opened in Atlanta in 1928. In 1940 it was renovated by architect Jules Grey in the streamlined modern style.
Courtesy of Robert M. Craig
The Hinman Research Building, built in 1939 as part of the "academic village" at Georgia Tech, was designed in the Bauhaus modern style by Paul M. Heffernan. Today the building houses the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.
The Briar Hills Apartments, built in 1946-47, are an example of the modern architectural aesthetic. The apartments, known today as Briar Hills Condominiums, are located on the border of the Druid Hills and Virginia Highland neighborhoods in Atlanta.
Image from James Lin
The Cornerstone Church of God in Athens, pictured in 2006, is one of more than 500 Church of God congregations across the state. A Pentecostal denomination, the Church of God was founded in Tennessee in the late nineteeenth century and has maintained a presence in Georgia since 1903.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
The Athens First Assembly of God, located in Athens, is one of more than 200 Assemblies of God congregations across the state. A Pentecostal denomination, the Assemblies of God formed in Arkansas in 1914 and began to grow in Georgia, primarily in rural areas, after 1945.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
St. Paul AME Church in Macon is one of more than 500 African Methodist Episcopal churches in Georgia today. Pictured is the congregation's second structure, which was located on the site of the present-day Macon Coliseum. In 2006 the church moved into a new building on Shurling Drive.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # bib234.
The Shrine of the Black Madonna in Atlanta was founded in 1975 as the ninth congregation of the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church. The tradition combines elements of Roman Catholic, charismatic, and African religious rituals, and each church operates a cultural center and bookstore.
Photograph by Darby Carl Sanders, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Bill Lowery began his career in Atlanta as a disc jockey and broadcaster for Georgia Tech football games at radio station WGST in 1948. His weekly programs at the station included Musical Tune and Uncle Ebenezer Brown.
Bill Lowery, pictured in 1969, poses at Bill Lowery Enterprises, which included the Lowery Music Company and the National Recording Corporation. Lowery, known as "Mr. Atlanta Music," was a prominent disc jockey, producer, manager, and music publisher in the city from 1948 until his death in 2004. He was one of the first two inductees into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, which he also helped to establish.
Participants in a camp meeting, held in DeKalb County around 1900, gather for a photograph inside the tabernacle. The first documented camp meeting in Georgia occurred in 1803 on Shoulderbone Creek in Hancock County.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
dek208-85.
The tabernacle, or arbor, at Salem Camp Ground in Newton County, pictured in 1931, is representative of the architectural form that served as the centerpiece of camp meeting grounds throughout the South. Salem Camp Ground, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, continues to hold annual meetings.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
new192-83.
Atlantic Station, a development on the west side of Atlanta, was built on a reclaimed brownfield and designed according to the principles of New Urbanism, an architectural movement that offers an alternative to the suburban, automobile-dependent lifestyle.
Courtesy of Atlantic Station
Three new buildings, including the Anne Cox Chambers Wing (left) and Wieland Pavilion (back right), were added to the High Museum's main building (front right) in 2005. Art in the foreground is a fabrication of Roy Lichtenstein's House III (1997) and a cast of Auguste Rodin's The Shade (circa 1880).
Photograph by Jonathan Hillyer
The Peachtree Street residence of Harriet Harwell Wilson High was donated to the Atlanta Art Association in 1926 to house a museum. The High Museum remained in the home until 1955, when it moved into a new brick building next to the house.
Courtesy of High Museum of Art
The Drepung Loseling Monastery in Atlanta, the North American branch of Drepung Loseling Monastery in India, is a major Buddhist center in Georgia. Affiliated with Emory University, the center offers training in meditation and Tibetan Buddhist arts and sciences.
Courtesy of Drepung Loseling Monastery
A statue, made around the second century A.D., depicts Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha. The teachings of Siddhartha in India around the fifth century B.C. form the foundation of modern Buddhism.
The formal arrival of Buddhism in the West took place in 1893 at the World's Parliament of Religions, an interreligious forum held in Chicago, Illinois. Since that time the practice of Buddhism has become more widespread in the United States, and a number of temples and community centers have organized in Georgia.
Image from Wikimedia Commons
The headquarters for Turner Broadcasting System, founded by Ted Turner in 1970, are located in Atlanta. Today the system comprises a variety of television networks, including TBS Superstation, CNN, Turner Classic Movies, and Cartoon Network, as well as Internet sites and radio networks.
Courtesy of Turner Broadcasting
In 1970 Ted Turner bought WJRJ-TV, an independent television station in Atlanta, and changed the call letters to WTCG, for Turner Communications Group. In 1976 the station became the first national "superstation," distributing its programs via satellite to cable stations around the country.
Courtesy of Turner Broadcasting
Cable News Network, or CNN, began broadcasting news twenty-four hours a day in June 1980. The network was conceived by Ted Turner, the founder of Turner Broadcasting System in Atlanta, and reaches around 1 billion people worldwide.
Courtesy of Turner Broadcasting
Mike Luckovich, the editorial cartoonist for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, drew Liberty Mourns in 2001 as a commentary on the events of September 11, when the World Trade Center in New York City was attacked by members of Al Qaeda.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Playing with Reds (Camellias) (oil on canvas, 25 1/8" x 32 7/8"), an oil painting by Emma Cheves Wilkins, was purchased by the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences (later Telfair Museums) in Savannah in 1931, around the time of the work's completion. Wilkins began her training at the Telfair and then studied in Paris, France, before returning to Savannah.
Courtesy of Telfair Museums.
Lucy May Stanton made several paintings of "Aunt Liza," one of her neighbors in Athens. In each, Aunt Liza is shown with a brooding expression, dressed in a headscarf and shawl. The solid, modeled forms of the figure, drapery, and furniture are achieved with an economy of large brushstrokes.
Courtesy of Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia; Gift of Frances Forbes Heyn
Harriet Powers finished her Bible Quilt around 1886 in Athens. The third panel in the second row depicts the story of Jacob's dream, when "he lay on the ground." Enslaved African Americans identified with Jacob, for he was homeless, hunted, and weary of his journey.
Courtesy of National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Ben Shute, cofounder of the Atlanta College of Art, arrived in Atlanta in 1928. He played an important role in that city's art community as a teacher, portrait painter, and chair of the Southeastern Annual Exhibition. His Ajiji, Mexico (watercolor and ink on paper) was made in 1951.
Courtesy of Betty Plummer Woodruff Collection
The carving on Stone Mountain depicts the Confederate icons Robert E. Lee, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, and Jefferson Davis. Commissioned by the president of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the sculptor Gutzon Borglum began work on the relief in 1915. He was fired in 1925, and Augustus Lukeman completed the carving.
Photograph by Mark Griffin, Wikimedia
Husband and wife Malcolm Bell Jr. and Muriel Barrow Bell pose in 1938. Two years later, the couple's photographs were published in Drums and Shadows, a photographic study of African American culture along the Georgia coast commissioned by the Federal Writers' Project.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Georgia Sunset (watercolor on paper, 15" x 22") was painted by Eliot O'Hara, a teacher at the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences (later Telfair Museums) in Savannah during the 1930s. The painting was acquired by the Telfair in 1934. O'Hara also authored several books on watercolor technique.
Courtesy of Telfair Museums.
Lamar Dodd, founder of the art school at the University of Georgia in Athens, painted Copperhill (oil and egg tempera on linen canvas) in 1938. The painting is characteristic of the evocative landscapes that dominated his work in the 1930s and early 1940s.
Courtesy of Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia. Extended loan from the University of Georgia Foundation; Gift of Mary and Lamar Dodd GMOA 1974.3F
This detail of Robin Hood appears on the mural at the main branch of the Savannah public library on Bull Street. The mural, which was painted in 1934 by husband and wife artists William Hoffmann and Martina Steere, depicts Robin Hood before the queen's court. Originally painted for the children's room, the mural was restored in 2000 and is found today in the library's auditorium.
Courtesy of Live Oak Public Libraries
This detail of the king and queen appears on the mural at the main branch of the Savannah public library on Bull Street. The mural, painted in 1934 by husband and wife artists William Hoffmann and Martina Steere, depicts Robin Hood before the queen's court.
Courtesy of Live Oak Public Libraries
This detail of the queen's court appears on the mural at the main branch of the Savannah public library on Bull Street. The mural, painted in 1934 by husband and wife artists William Hoffmann and Martina Steere, depicts Robin Hood before the queen's court.
Courtesy of Live Oak Public Libraries
Inspired by the Mexican muralists, Hale Woodruff, a nationally recognized African American artist, completed three mural series over the course of his career. Art of the Negro was completed around 1951 and hangs in the gallery at Clark Atlanta University, where Woodruff taught art for fifteen years. His other murals are entitled The Amistad Mutiny (1939) and The Negro in California History (1949).
Courtesy of Clark Atlanta University Art Galleries
Anna Hunter, an art critic for the Savannah News-Press, took up painting during the late 1940s, while in her fifties. Her Recessional (oil on canvas) was completed around 1949 and is housed by Telfair Museums in Savannah.
Courtesy of Telfair Museums.
The Marion County folk artist known as St. EOM built Pasaquan, a complex of decorated concrete buildings, beginning in the mid-1950s. He used a variety of materials in his work, including decorated tin, wire, wood, brick, roofing shingles, and floor tile.
Courtesy of Pasaquan Preservation Society, www.pasaquan.com
Forty-eight new adherents are baptized by the Reverend R. W. White in 1913 at New Salem Baptist Church in Wilkes County. The baptism ritual is a significant rite within the Baptist faith, symbolizing the individual's commitment of faith.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
wlk122.
The choir of the First African Baptist Church in Bainbridge sings during a worship service in 1976. Music, beginning with the spirituals sung during the years of slavery, has long been an important aspect of the Black Baptist community.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
dec212.
The First African Baptist Church, constructed in 1937, is on the northern end of Cumberland Island.
Photograph from National Park Service
The rap musician Ludacris poses in 2003 outside the Def Jam South offices in Midtown Atlanta. Ludacris signed with Def Jam in 2000 and later that year released the album Back for the First Time, which contained his first national hit, "What's Your Fantasy?"
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Ludacris, a rapper in the "Dirty South" style, performs during the 2005 Vibe Music Festival at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. Ludacris began his career as a disc jockey in Atlanta and relased his first album, Incognegro, in 2000. The following year he established the Ludacris Foundation for underprivileged children in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Usher, a native of Chattanooga, Tennessee, began his recording career in 1994 with Atlanta-based LaFace Records. In 2001 the artist received two Grammy awards. Usher has also starred in several feature films.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Old Pickens County Jail in Jasper was built in 1906 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Marble from the nearby Delaware Quarry was used for the front of the building. The jail, which contains a gallows that was never used, closed in 1980.
Image from Thomson M
The Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was established in 1895 to commemorate the 1863 Battle of Chickamauga. Both Union and Confederate forces sustained some of their heaviest casualties in this battle, which was a victory for the Confederacy.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia.
Journalist Mildred Seydell looks at the hand of Harold E. "Red" Grange, a well-known football player, during the 1925 Scopes trial, her first major news story for the Atlanta Georgian. Seydell performed celebrity hand readings as a gimmick for the paper during the early years of her career. Photograph by Lane Brothers Studio, Atlanta.
Courtesy of Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University, Mildred Seydell Papers.
Mildred Seydell, one of the first women journalists in Georgia, published two books in the 1930s and founded a journal, the Seydell Quarterly, in 1948.
Courtesy of Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University, Mildred Seydell Papers.
Atlanta native and journalist Mildred Seydell published the Think Tank, a newsletter featuring a variety of short articles, reviews, and poetry, from 1940 until 1947.
A quilt depicting the building activities of Habitat for Humanity International hangs at the organization's headquarters in Americus. Since 1976 volunteers with Habitat have built affordable housing for families in need throughout the United States and around the world.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Former Georgia governor and U.S. president Jimmy Carter works with Habitat for Humanity volunteers to construct a home. Carter, who became involved with the organization at the invitation of founder Millard Fuller in 1984, has served as both spokesperson and work crew leader for Habitat.
Courtesy of Gregg Pachkowski and Habitat for Humanity International
William C. Pauley, a landscape architect, designed numerous parks and college grounds in Georgia and the Southeast during the twentieth century. In 1919 he became the first landscape architect to establish a practice in Atlanta. Among his most important projects in the state are the Gardens at Bankshaven in Newnan and Hurt Park in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Spencer Tunnell
Susan Myrick, a journalist for the Macon Telegraph, stands with actor Leslie Howard on the film set for Gone With the Wind in 1939. Myrick, at the request of novelist Margaret Mitchell, served as the southern "arbiter of manners and customs" during the filming.
Susan Myrick, a prominent journalist and columnist, wrote for the Macon Telegraph from the 1920s until her death in 1978. Myrick began her career with an advice column entitled "Life in a Tangle." She later covered World War II as the paper's war editor and promoted soil conservation as farm editor.
William Lundigan and Susan Hayward played the newly married couple William and Mary Thompson in the 1951 film I'd Climb the Highest Mountain, which was filmed in north Georgia around Cleveland and Helen. Hayward was honored by the state senate as an "adopted daughter of Georgia" during the film's Atlanta premiere.
Courtesy of Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
Susan Hayward, a successful Hollywood actress during the 1940s and 1950s, poses for a publicity portrait, circa 1939. Hayward starred in I'd Climb the Highest Mountain (1951), written and produced by Lamar Trotti, a Georgia native. The film was based on The Circuit Rider's Wife (1910), a novel written by Georgia author Corra Harris.
Image from Wikimedia
Susan Hayward received an Academy Award for her portrayal of convicted murderer Barbara Graham in I Want to Live! (1958). Hayward, a native of New York, moved to Carrollton with her husband in the late 1950s and remained until her death in 1975.
Image from Insomnia Cured Here
Purchased by Springfield Baptist Church in 1844, the Asbury Chapel of St. John Methodist Church in Augusta was built in 1801. It served as the church building for Springfield Baptist until around 1897, when construction began on a new structure.
From Old Springfield: Race and Religion in Augusta, Georgia, by E. Cashin
Springfield Baptist Church in Augusta, founded in 1773, is one of the oldest Black congregations in the United States. The cornerstone for the current church building was laid in 1897.
Courtesy of Augusta Convention and Visitors Bureau
Springfield Baptist Church, pictured in 2005, is one of the oldest African American churches in the country. The sanctuary features stained glass windows and a baptismal font.
Courtesy of Augusta Convention and Visitors Bureau
A minister preaches in 1942 at the Church of God in Christ in Washington, D.C. The largest Black Pentecostal denomination in the United States, the Church of God in Christ began in Mississippi during the 1890s and by the 1920s had founded twenty-one congregations in Georgia.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Georgia native Miriam Hopkins received an Oscar nomination for her performance in Becky Sharp (1935), the first full-length color film made in Hollywood. A few years later Hopkins was disappointed to be passed over for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in the film adaptation of Gone With the Wind (1939).
Image from Wikimedia
Actress Miriam Hopkins was born in Savannah and grew up in Bainbridge. She began her career in the 1920s as a dancer and vaudeville performer before finding success as a Hollywood actress during the 1930s. Hopkins appeared in thirty-six feature films over the course of her career.
Image from Wikimedia
LaGrange Art Museum in LaGrange houses four galleries, in addition to classrooms, a sculpture garden, and a gift shop. The museum's collection focuses on twentieth-century art, with an emphasis on southern art.
Courtesy of LaGrange Art Museum
The LaGrange Art Museum, founded in 1963 in LaGrange, is housed in an 1892 Victorian home on Lafayette Square. The museum offers art classes for adults and children and sponsors Affair on the Square, a nationally juried arts show, and the LaGrange National, a juried art exhibition.
Courtesy of LaGrange Art Museum
A participant in the Ben Hill Art Camp at Chattahoochee Valley Art Museum (later LaGrange Art Museum) draws her self-portrait in 2004. The camp is an after-school program held during the summer in collaboration with the LaGrange Housing Authority.
Courtesy of LaGrange Art Museum
The ritual of snake handling, practiced mainly by Pentecostal congregations, began in East Tennessee during the early 1900s and spread into Georgia's Berrien and Cook counties by 1920. Today congregations in Kingston and Cartersville are the most well known practitioners in the state.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Singers perform during the Sapelo Island Cultural Day, held each October on the island. The festival celebrates the songs, stories, dances, and food of the Geechee and Gullah culture, which developed on the Sea Islands among enslaved West Africans between 1750 and 1865.
Photograph by Jennifer Cruse Sanders
In the same manner as their enslaved ancestors, women on Sapelo Island hull rice with a mortar and pestle, circa 1925. Language and cultural traditions from West Africa were retained in the Geechee culture that developed in the Sea Islands.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
sap093.
Praise houses were built on plantations by enslaved people for worship services. These services often included the ring shout, in which rhythmic hand clapping and counterclockwise dancing were performed to spirituals.
Image from Richard N Horne
Baindu Jabati (left) and Mary Moran were the only two women to remember a Mende funeral song performed as part of the village tradition in Senehun Ngola, Sierra Leone. The song was passed down through Moran's family in Georgia from her enslaved ancestors, who were related to Jabati's ancestors in Sierra Leone.
Photograph by Sharon Maybarduk
The Georgia Sea Islands are the site of the unique Geechee and Gullah culture, which retains ethnic traditions from West Africa brought to America during the years of the Atlantic slave trade. Although elements of the culture persist, its survival is threatened by development on the islands.
Photograph by WIDTTF
Georgia native Julia Roberts, an established Hollywood icon, has starred in numerous films, most notably Pretty Woman (1990) and Erin Brockovich (2000), for which she received an Academy Award. Roberts, pictured in 2005, also owns a production company and is known for her philanthropic work with UNICEF and the International Rett Syndrome Association.
Photograph from Corbis
The character actor Charles Coburn began his acting career as a young boy in Savannah. In 1896 he moved to New York City and established himself as a stage actor. About forty years later, after the death of his wife, Coburn moved to California and worked in radio, television, and film.
Edward Daugherty, pictured in 2006, was a prominent Atlanta landscape architect. Among his many projects in Georgia were the Atlanta Botanical Garden and the grounds of the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he also studied before earning his bachelor's and master's degrees from Harvard University.
Landscape architect Edward Daugherty contributed to the design of the Atlanta Botanical Garden grounds from 1981 until 1995. The garden, which offers displays, tours, and classes to the public, opened in the 1970s.
Image from JR P
Hale Woodruff, a member of the Atlanta University (later Clark Atlanta University) faculty from 1931 until 1946, stands before one of his murals. Woodruff trained in Paris, France, and became a nationally known printmaker, draftsman, and painter during his career.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information photograph collection, Photograph by Arthur Rothstein.
Hale Woodruff's 1953 work Celestial Gate (oil on canvas, 50" x 40") hangs in the gallery of the Spelman College Museum of Fine Art. During the 1930s and 1940s, Woodruff, a prominent African American artist, was a member of Atlanta University's faculty and taught classes at Spelman.
Courtesy of Spelman College Museum of Fine Art
Coleman Barks is renowned both for his translations of the thirteenth-century poet Rumi and for his own verse. Barks was an English professor at the University of Georgia for over thirty years and continued to live and write in Athens until his death.
Courtesy of University of Georgia Photographic Services
Hapeville native Jeff Foxworthy performs at Chestnut Mountain in 2005. A stand-up comedian and writer, Foxworthy is best known for his You Might Be a Redneck If . . . comedy routines and book series.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Country musician Travis Tritt performs at the Country Fair 2000 in his hometown of Marietta. That year, Tritt released Down the Road I Go, his eighth new album and the first with Columbia Records.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Travis Tritt, a native of Marietta, is a Grammy Award-winning country musician and member of the Grand Ole Opry. In 1999 he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. Tritt's platinum-selling albums include Country Club (1990), It's All about to Change (1991), and T-R-O-U-B-L-E (1994).
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Spelman College Museum of Fine Art, dedicated in 1996 on the campus of Spelman College in Atlanta, includes approximately 450 works in its permanent collection. The primary focus of the collection is twentieth-century painting and sculpture by African American artists.
Courtesy of Spelman College Museum of Fine Art
The Jain Temple in Norcross, pictured in 2006, was built in the late 1990s by the Jain Society of Greater Atlanta, a group that practices the Indian religion Jainism. The temple was the first of its kind to be constructed in the state.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
River Chapel Primitive Baptist Church in Columbus is one of the approximately 425 Primitive Baptist congregations, comprising around 13,500 members, that were established in Georgia as of 2005.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Bethlehem Primitive Baptist Church in Quitman was initially established in 1834 about a mile away from the site of the pictured building, which was constructed in the mid-1860s. Primitive Baptists formed as a separate denomination early in the nineteenth century.
Image from Jud McCranie
The Double Branch Free Will Baptist Church in Dooly County, pictured in 1972, was founded in 1896. The Free Will Baptist denomination, which emphasizes mission work and education, was established in Georgia in the 1830s by John Travis Brodnax and Cyrus White.
Courtesy of Geraldine Waid, Georgia Free Will Baptist Historical Society
Laura Belle Barnard, a native of Glennville, was a Free Will Baptist missionary to India between 1935 and 1957. There she worked primarily with the "untouchables," the lowest class in the Hindu caste system. Also a prolific writer, Barnard was a professor at the Free Will Baptist College from 1960 until 1972.
Courtesy of Matt Pinson
An Episcopal church in St. Marys, identified as the Episcopal Colored Church, is pictured in 1954. During the 1950s and 1960s, Episcopalians in Georgia struggled with issues of segregation, along with the rest of the nation.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cam071.
One of the first Gothic revival churches in the state was St. John's Episcopal in Savannah, designed in 1850 by New York architect Calvin Otis and supervised by architect Calvin Fay. St. John's has distinctive pointed arches, buttresses, and great hammerbeam trusses on its interior.
Image from Jud McCranie
St. Paul's Church was established in Augusta in 1750. Along with Christ Church in Savannah and Christ Church on St. Simons Island, St. Paul's was part of the first Anglican (later Episcopalian) diocese in Georgia.
Image from J. Stephen Conn
In 1841 Stephen Elliott Jr. was appointed the first Episcopal bishop in Georgia. During the Civil War, Elliott led the movement that formed the Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America. He was later instrumental in reconciling Northern and Southern churches at the war's end in 1865.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Georgia Photo File.
St. Cyprian's Episcopal Church in Darien was built in 1876 for the area's Black congregation by the Reverend James Wentworth Leigh, who also served as pastor for the white congregation of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church. The church was constructed of tabby and named for an African saint.
Photograph by Judson McCranie
The Cathedral of St. Philip in Atlanta serves as the seat of the Diocese of Atlanta, which comprises approximately 100 Episcopal congregations in north Georgia. St. Philip's was founded in 1846, and construction of the cathedral, which was dedicated in 1962, began in 1947.
Image from John Phelan
Christ Church of Savannah, the first Anglican church to be established in the Georgia colony, was founded by Henry Herbert in 1733. The current church building, the third to be constructed on the site since 1744, was completed in 1838.
Image from Roman Eugeniusz
The headquarters for the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship of Georgia are located in Macon. The national fellowship, founded in Atlanta in 1991, was formed as an alternative to the more fundmentalist doctrine of the Southern Baptist Convention.
Courtesy of Cooperative Baptist Fellowship of Georgia
Daniel Vestal served as chair of the steering committee that resulted in the founding of the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship in 1991. A native of Texas, Vestal was a minister at the Dunwoody Baptist Church in Atlanta at the time of the fellowship's inception.
Courtesy of Cooperative Baptist Fellowship of Georgia
Volunteers paint a Georgia home during the March Mission Madness program sponsored by the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship. In addition to supporting mission work, the fellowship operates several summer camps and publishes a newsletter.
Courtesy of Cooperative Baptist Fellowship of Georgia
First Baptist Church in Savannah, constructed on Chippewa Square in 1833, is the oldest church building in the city. The congregation formed in 1800 under pastor Henry Holcombe.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
The dressing room for baptismal candidates stands beside the baptismal pool of the Kiokee Baptist Church in Columbia County. The church, founded in 1772, is the first continuing Baptist church to be established in the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
clm008.
First African Baptist Church in Savannah, founded around 1777, is one of the oldest Black congregations in the United States. The church's current building was constructed in 1859 and houses a museum containing the church archives and historical artifacts.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Shallowford Free Will Baptist Church in Marietta offers a variety of ministries to its congregation and the community, including Bible study, counseling, choir, and missions. An emphasis on both mission work and education forms a central tenet of the Free Will denomination.
Courtesy of Sean C. Powell
Dancers in the Atlanta Ballet perform Sinfonietta Giocosa, scored by Czech composer Bohuslav Martinu in 1940 and written by British choreographer Christopher Hampson. Commissioned by the Atlanta Ballet, the work premiered at the Fox Theatre in 2005.
Photograph by Charlie McCullers. Courtesy of Atlanta Ballet
In 1929 Dorothy Alexander founded the Dorothy Alexander Dance Art Group, the first regional ballet company in the nation, in Atlanta. Known since 1967 as the Atlanta Ballet, the company is the longest continuously running ballet organization in the United States.
Courtesy of Atlanta Ballet
Members of the Atlanta Ballet perform Peter Pan in Atlanta. The ballet was choreographed by John McFall, who became the company's artistic director in 1994, and was performed in London, England, during the 1999 Royal Festival Hall's Christmas season.
Photograph by Kim Kenney. Courtesy of Atlanta Ballet
James Oglethorpe, along with a twenty-one-member Board of Trustees, founded the colony of Georgia in 1733 and directed its development for nearly a decade. Although the board appointed Anglican clergy to the new colony, Oglethorpe welcomed settlers of a variety of religious persuasions.
Courtesy of Oglethorpe University
John Wesley, appointed an Anglican rector for the Georgia colony in 1735, served at Christ Church in Savannah. Influenced by his interactions with Moravians during his time in Georgia, Wesley founded Methodism after his return to England in 1737.
Photograph from Wellcome Trust, Wikimedia
Chuck Leavell stands among the longleaf pines on Charlane Plantation, his timber farm and hunting preserve in Twiggs County. Leavell and his wife, Rose, have received state and national awards recognizing their efforts in conservation.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Pianist Chuck Leavell, a resident of Twiggs County since the early 1980s, has played with such notable acts as the Allman Brothers Band and the Rolling Stones. Inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 2004, Leavell has also released several solo albums.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The author Lillian Smith, a longtime resident of Clayton, is best known for her novel Strange Fruit, published in 1944, and her nonfiction treatise Killers of the Dream, first published in 1949 and reissued in 1961. Both works are strong denunciations of racism and segregation in the South.
The Savannah Theatre opened in late 1818, with productions of the comedies Soldier's Daughter and Raising the Wind, and incorporated twenty years later. Theater was the predominant form of entertainment in antebellum Georgia, and performances often incorporated popular songs of the day.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Cordray-Foltz Photography Studio photographs, #GHS 1360-03-06-06.
Lowell Mason, known as the "Father of School Music" influenced the development of urban sacred music, as well as music education, in antebellum Georgia. A native of Massachusetts, Mason led the "better music movement," which favored the works of European classical composers, in his adopted home of Savannah.
From What We Hear in Music, by A. S. Faulkner
Jesse Mercer, a prominent Baptist leader in Georgia, served as president of the Georgia Baptist Convention from 1822 until his death in 1841. Also an active publisher, Mercer compiled a hymnal in 1810 and edited the Christian Index, a Baptist newspaper, from 1833 to 1840. In 1833 he founded Mercer Institute, which later became Mercer University.
The shape-note system in The Sacred Harp uses a different shape to represent each of the four syllables in the musical scale: a triangle (fa), a circle (sol), a rectangle (la), and a diamond (mi).
The tune "Windham" as it appears in The Sacred Harp, 1911 edition. Image from Wikimedia.
At the age of nineteen, Frederic Ozanam organized the Conference of Charity in Paris, France, to provide assistance to the poor of the city. He chose the sixteenth-century cleric St. Vincent de Paul as patron of the organization, which later adopted its current name, the St. Vincent de Paul Society.
From Famille Vincentienne Internationale Web site
The church at the Monastery of the Holy Spirit, completed in 1960, was built by the community of monks in Conyers. The monastery was established in 1944 by Trappist monks who moved from a monastery in Gethsemani, Kentucky, to found a new community in Georgia.
Courtesy of Our Lady of the Holy Spirit Monastery
The Trappist monks at the Monastery of the Holy Spirit in Conyers are members of the Order of the Cistercians of the Strict Observance, a sect of Cistercian monks that originated in France and follows the teachings of the seventeenth-century abbot Armand de Rance.
Courtesy of Our Lady of the Holy Spirit Monastery
The founders of the Monastery of the Holy Spirit in Conyers, pictured in 1944, traveled to Georgia from Kentucky in that year to establish a new Trappist monastery, which became the first in the country to form as a "daughter" community to another monastery within the United States.
Courtesy of Our Lady of the Holy Spirit Monastery
Trappist monks settled in this barn in Conyers and began work on a monastery in 1944. By the end of that year, they had completed a temporary housing structure, and in 1959 the community members moved into the Monastery of the Holy Spirit, where they reside today.
Courtesy of Our Lady of the Holy Spirit Monastery
Alex Cooley gives an interview to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution in 1998. Cooley became a concert promoter during the late 1960s and founded the city's Midtown Music Festival in 1994.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The original home of Francis Jones, a colonial settler in Georgia, stands on the site of his Birdsville plantation in Jenkins County and represents one of the few colonial residential dwellings still standing in the state. The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
bur068.
The tabby ruins of Fort Frederica, which was established by James Oglethorpe in 1736 on St. Simons Island, are among the oldest architectural remnants left from the colonial period in the state.
Image from UncleBucko
The Midway Congregational Church was erected in 1792 to replace a church built by Puritans in 1756. The walled cemetery on the church grounds is the only remaining structure that dates from the colonial community at Midway.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
Francine Reed performs at Music Midtown, an annual festival in Atlanta begun in 1990s. A native of Illinois, Reed became known as Atlanta's "queen of the blues" following her move to Georgia in the early 1990s.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The Quinlan Visual Arts Center in Gainesville opened in 1962. The building, constructed on land donated by Gainesville resident Leslie Quinlan, houses the gallery and classroom space of the Gainesville Art Association, which organized in 1947.
Courtesy of Quinlan Visual Arts Center
The Green Street Gallery at the Quinlan Visual Arts Center in Gainesville originally served as the lobby when the center was constructed in 1962. The center has displayed the work of many local artists, including Lamar Dodd, a professor at the University of Georgia, and Ed Dodd, creator of the comic strip Mark Trail.
Courtesy of Quinlan Visual Arts Center
The Jim and Peggy Walters Lobby opened in 2004, following the expansion and renovation of the Quinlan Visual Arts Center in Gainesville. Other additions include classroom and gallery space, a conference room, and a gift shop.
Courtesy of Quinlan Visual Arts Center
The financier and philanthropist George Foster Peabody, a native of Columbus, made significant contributions to the University of Georgia beginning in the late 1800s. In 1906 he was named a life trustee of and awarded an honorary degree by the university.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, John Brown Gordon Family Papers.
George Foster Peabody (left) and University of Georgia chancellor David C. Barrow (right) honor Harry Hodgson, a businessman and trustee of the University of Georgia, for his leadership of an endowment campaign for the school, circa 1920.
The George Foster Peabody Award is given annually by the Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia to honor "distinguished achievement and meritorious service" by individuals, networks, stations, and organizations in the media industry.
Courtesy of University of Georgia Photographic Services
Sacred Fire, a twenty-five-foot sculpture of stainless steel and bronze, stands outside the Chattahoochee Indian Heritage Center in Fort Mitchell, Alabama. The heritage center is a project of the Historic Chattahoochee Commission, a joint preservation agency of Alabama and Georgia.
Courtesy of Historic Chattahoochee Commission
Located nine miles southwest of Blakely, in Early County, the Coheelee Creek Covered Bridge is the southernmost covered bridge in the United States. It was built in 1891 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The Historic Chattahoochee Commission has published several educational titles, including A Chattahoochee Album (2000), by Fred C. Fussell.
The first major engagement of Union general William T. Sherman's Atlanta campaign occurred in 1864 at Resaca, near Dalton. Through the efforts of the Georgia Civil War Commission, which seeks to preserve sites associated with the war, the state purchased 508 acres of the battlefield in 2000.
The Georgia Civil War Commission, which coordinates the preservation of battle sites in the state, compiled Crossroads of Conflict: A Guide for Touring Civil War Sites in Georgia in 1994. The guidebook is organized by geographical region and offers historical background and directions to sites around the state. A revised edition was published in 2010.
Ben Shute, a prominent Atlanta artist, is well known for his landscape portraits of such diverse locales as Mexico, Italy, and the Georgia coast. Ostia, Italy (1962), casein and ink on paper.
Courtesy of Betty Plummer Woodruff Collection
Acclaimed artist Ben Shute, a cofounder of the Atlanta College of Art, lived in Atlanta from 1928 until his death in 1986. His 1940 work Night Carnival, Franklin, N.C., casein and ink on paper, is housed in the permanent collection of the Georgia Museum of Art in Athens.
Courtesy of Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia; Gift of Betty Plummer Potts Woodruff GMOA 2004.7
Acclaimed artist Ben Shute, a Wisconsin native, lived for the majority of his career in Atlanta, where he earned a reputation as an accomplished portrait artist. His Otis with Bible, charcoal on paper, was completed in 1940.
Courtesy of Georgia Musuem of Art, University of Georgia; Gift of Betty Plummer Potts Woodruff GMOA 2004.6
Beginning in the early 1950s, Atlanta artist Ben Shute traveled to coastal Maine, where he painted elements of the landscape using a shifting cubist perspective. Deserted House, Port Clyde, Maine (1965), casein and ink on paper.
Courtesy of Betty Plummer Woodruff Collection
Atticus G. Haygood, a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, rose to national prominence around 1880 with a Thanksgiving speech and a book extolling the contributions of African Americans since emancipation. Haygood served as president of Emory College in Oxford from 1875 until 1884.
Courtesy of Moore Methodist Museum
Walter Griffin, pictured in 2005, founded the Atlanta Poets Workshop in 1972 and conducted meetings until 1998. Griffin had more than 400 publications to his credit and was named the master poet-in-residence by the Georgia Council for the Arts and Humanities in 1978.
Courtesy of Walter Griffin
In 1976 Walter Griffin, an Atlanta poet, published Port Authority: Selected Poems, 1965-1976. Another of his published collections, Night Music (1974), won the International Small Press Book Award and the Georgia Poet of the Year Award.
Georgia poet Rosemary Daniell leads a Zona Rosa workshop at her home in Savannah. Daniell founded this creative-writing forum for women in 1981 and christened it Zona Rosa, which is Spanish for "pink zone," in 1983. Similar workshops also operate in Atlanta, Daniell's hometown, and in Charleston, South Carolina.
Courtesy of Southern Living
The Woman Who Spilled Words All Over Herself (1997) is a writing guidebook for women by Rosemary Daniell. Daniell, the founder of the Zona Rosa workshops in Savannah, Atlanta, and Charleston, South Carolina, presents the writing process as an opportunity for women's healing and empowerment.
Rudolph Courtyard, surrounded by Bishops Hall (left), Cannon Chapel (center), and the Pitts Theology Library (right), forms the center of campus for the Candler School of Theology at Emory University in Atlanta. Founded in 1914, the school is affiliated with the United Methodist Church.
Courtesy of Candler School of Theology, Emory University
Warren Akin Candler, a bishop in the Methodist Church and the brother of Coca-Cola founder Asa Candler, was appointed the first chancellor of the Candler School of Theology in 1914. The new school was founded to replace the denomination's loss of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.
Courtesy of Archives, Pitts Theology Library, Emory University
Students of the Candler School of Theology at Emory University in Atlanta gather on campus. While more than half of the school's approximately 540 students are members of the United Methodist church, more than thirty other denominations are represented as well within the student body.
Courtesy of Candler School of Theology, Emory University
John Donald Wade posed for this portrait by Kate F. Edwards in the early 1910s. Wade, a great-great-grandson of John Adam Treutlen, the state's first governor, was an important participant in the Vanderbilt Agrarian movement of the 1930s. Also a noted biographer, Wade published works on the lives of Augustus Baldwin Longstreet and John Wesley.
Native Georgian John Donald Wade contributed to I'll Take My Stand (1930), the manifesto of the Agrarian literary movement, while teaching at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1934 Wade returned to the University of Georgia, where his academic career began, and twelve years later founded the Georgia Review, a renowned literary journal.
From Selected Essays and Other Writings, edited by D. Davidson
George Whitefield, an Anglican minister, was the central figure of the Great Awakening, which occurred from about 1720 to 1780 in America. The series of revivals sparked a move away from formal, outward religion to inward, personal religion.
With funds raised primarily in his native England, Anglican minister George Whitefield opened the Bethesda Orphan House in Savannah in 1740. In 1791 the state assumed control of the orphanage and later opened an academy.
John Wesley, one of the founders of Methodism, traveled to Georgia from England with his brother Charles in 1735 and served as the Anglican rector of Christ Church in Savannah until 1738. Upon his return to England, Wesley experienced a conversion, influenced in part by the Moravain settlers he encountered while in Georgia, that marked the beginning of his evangelical work.
Susanna Wesley was the mother of John and Charles Wesley, the cofounders of Methodism during the eighteenth century. Wesley provided an early education to her sons during their boyhood in England, and both continued their studies at Christ Church College at Oxford University before traveling to Georgia in 1735.
Photograph by Wikimedia
The comic strip Mark Trail was created by Ed Dodd in 1946. By the 1960s and 1970s the strip, which chronicles the adventures of naturalist Mark Trail and promotes wilderness education, appeared in hundreds of newspapers. It continues to run today.
Courtesy of Northeast Georgia History Center
William Ragsdale Cannon, a United Methodist bishop from 1968 until 1984, stands outside of Emory University's Cannon Chapel. The chapel was consecrated in 1981 and named in honor of the bishop, who had previously served as dean of the university's Candler School of Theology.
Courtesy of Emory University Photography
William Ragsdale Cannon, a United Methodist minister and educator, was dean of the Candler School of Theology at Emory University from 1953 to 1968. He was named a bishop in 1968 and served areas in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia during his sixteen-year tenure.
Courtesy of Moore Methodist Museum
Charles Wesley is best known as one of the founders of Methodism in the eighteenth century. In 1735, along with his brother John, Wesley traveled from England to Georgia, where he served as secretary to James Oglethorpe and as chaplain at Fort Frederica.
Fletcher Henderson, a native of Randolph County, formed the first big band orchestra around 1920 in New York City. In 1921 Fletcher's orchestra began making records, and the group played at the Roseland Ballroom in New York for the rest of the decade.
Fletcher Henderson, an accomplished pianist and native of Cuthbert, is credited with forming the first big band orchestra in New York City during the 1920s. His musical contributions laid the foundation for swing music.
Image from Wikimedia
A publicity photo of Chet Atkins, a famed country music star credited with increasing country music's mainstream popularity. He won more than a dozen Grammy awards over his lifetime, and was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 1995.
Copyright 1997 SonyMusic Entertainment Inc.
Kenny Leon, the artistic director of the Alliance Theatre from 1990 until 2001, performs the role of Ebenezer Scrooge in the company's 2002 production of A Christmas Carol.
Photograph by Eric Richardson
The Snoogle-Fleejer, played by Bart Hansard, befriends Jeremy, played by Zachary Solomon, in the Alliance Children's Theatre's production of The Little Baby Snoogle-Fleejer in 2005. The play is based on a children's book written by Jimmy Carter and his daughter, Amy.
Photograph by Christopher Oquendo
Actors Phylicia Rashad and Mark Young portray the characters Angel and Guy in the Alliance Theatre's 1995 production of Blues for an Alabama Sky, written by Georgia playwright Pearl Cleage.
Photograph by Jennifer Lester
The United Liberal Church in Atlanta reopened as an integrated congregation in 1954, after being closed by the American Unitarian Association in 1951 for practicing racial segregation. Members of the new church became active in the civil rights movement.
Courtesy of Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Atlanta Records, Pitts Theology Library, Emory University
Church of Our Father, the first Unitarian church in Atlanta, was established in 1883 by George Leonard Chaney. Today the Atlanta-Fulton County Public Library stands on the church's original property at North Forsyth and Church streets.
Courtesy of Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Atlanta Records, Pitts Theology Library, Emory University
George Leonard Chaney established the first Unitarian church in Atlanta in 1883. Chaney worked to create educational opportunities for African Americans in the city by serving on the board of trustees for the Atlanta University Center and by opening the first free lending library for Blacks.
Courtesy of Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Atlanta Records, Pitts Theology Library, Emory University
In 1809 Alexander Campbell arrived in Pennsylvania from Scotland to join his father, Thomas Campbell, a Presbyterian minister who organized the Disciples of Christ in 1807. The Campbells' group united with the "Christians" of Kentucky in 1832, becoming the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Today around seventy congregations of this fellowship exist in Georgia.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs division
Willie Lee, or "Piano Red," Perryman was a blues pianist who played in the barrelhouse style. His professional music career began in the early 1930s and continued until the late 1960s.
Photograph from booklet "Piano Red, Dr. Feelgood," by Norbert Hess
Blind Willie McTell, a native of Thomson, was a great blues musician of the 1920s and 1930s. Based in Atlanta, he displayed an extraordinary range on the twelve-string guitar.
First Piece of the Rock was released in 1983 as a tribute to Willie Lee Perryman, a blues musician known as "Piano Red" for much of his career. Two of Perryman's songs, "Rockin' with Red" and "Red's Boogie," were recorded in Atlanta in 1950 and made the national charts.
Print by Mike McCarty. Courtesy of Lowery Group
Willie Lee Perryman, a blues pianist, created the Dr. Feelgood persona for his WAOK radio show, and he performed under the name with his band, the Interns. From left, Perryman, Curtis Smith, Bobby Lee Tuggle, Roy Lee Johnson, Beverly Watkins, and Howard Hobbs.
Photograph from booklet "Piano Red, Dr. Feelgood," by Norbert Hess
Willie Lee Perryman, also known as "Dr. Feelgood," poses in the early 1960s with his band, the Interns.
Photograph from booklet "Piano Red, Dr. Feelgood," by Norbert Hess
First Christian Church of Sandersville is a congregation within the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) fellowship, a Protestant group with roots in the Restoration Movement of the early nineteenth century.
Courtesy of Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Georgia
Emily Tubman of Augusta, an early adherent of what is known today as the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), poses for a photograph in the 1880s. Tubman generously supported the work of the Christian Church in Georgia by contributing funds to build and repair meeting places.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # ric089.
St. John the Baptist in Savannah, the oldest Catholic cathedral in Georgia, opened in 1876 after three years of construction. After burning in 1898, the cathedral was rebuilt with funds donated from both Catholics and non-Catholics around the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The first Catholic community in Georgia was established at Locust Grove, near modern-day Sharon, in the early 1790s. All that remains of the settlement today is a cemetery in Taliaferro County.
Courtesy of Catholic Diocese of Savannah Archives
From 1820 until 1842, John England served as bishop of the Diocese of Charleston, which was created to support Catholic communities in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. During his tenure he founded an order of nuns called the Sisters of Mercy, who arrived in Georgia during the 1940s.
Courtesy of Catholic Diocese of Charleston Archives
St. Vincent's Academy in Savannah was founded in the 1840s by the Sisters of Mercy, an order of nuns established by John England during his time as bishop of the Diocese of Charleston. The academy continues to operate as an all-girls' Catholic school in Savannah.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Engineering Record Collection, #HABS GA,26-SAV,81-1.
Benjamin Keiley, named the seventh bishop of the Diocese of Savannah in 1900, was admired by Georgians of all faiths for his service in the army of Confederate general Robert E. Lee during the Civil War. Keiley served as bishop of the diocese until 1922.
Courtesy of Catholic Diocese of Savannah Archives
Flowers decorate the altar of a Catholic church in LaGrange around 1936. In recognition of the growing number of Catholics in the Atlanta area, the Diocese of Savannah was reorganized into the Diocese of Savannah-Atlanta in 1937.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
trp200.
John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, traveled with his brother Charles from England to the Georgia colony in 1736. During their passage, the brothers befriended a group of Moravian missionaries, who would prove to have a significant theological influence on Wesley.
The home of Cherokee chief James Vann was located north of the Moravian Mission at Spring Place. Invited by Vann and other Cherokee leaders, the Moravians provided a school for Cherokee children and housed 114 students between 1804 and 1833.
Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf helped to lead the Moravian missionary efforts in Georgia from 1735 to 1745. The Moravian settlers, part of a Protestant sect founded in the fifteenth century in the present-day Czech Republic, settled in Savannah during their time in Georgia.
The headquarters of the Georgia-Cumberland Conference of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church, pictured in 1976, is located in Calhoun. The conference includes churches in Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # gor068.
The writings of Ellen G. White, who was considered to have prophetic powers as the result of divine revelations, were an important influence in the development of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church during the mid-nineteenth century. In 1892 White published her best-selling book, Steps to Christ.
Courtesy of Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.
The Belvedere Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Decatur was founded in 1888 and is today part of the Georgia-Cumberland Conference.
Photograph by Yale A. Douce
Celestine Sibley, a noted author and journalist, poses in 1967 at Sweet Apple, her cabin in Roswell. Sibley's memoir A Place Called Sweet Apple (1967) details her efforts to restore the rustic cabin.
Celestine Sibley stands at the corner of Peachtree and Forsyth streets in Atlanta, date unknown. Sibley was a well-known reporter and columnist for the Atlanta Constitution from 1941 until her death in 1999.
From Peachtree Street, U.S.A.
Eleanor Roosevelt (left) poses with Celestine Sibley, a journalist with the Atlanta Constitution for almost sixty years. Sibley reported on a wide range of topics, including front-page news, politics, and celebrities over the course of her career.
William B. Hartsfield, the mayor of Atlanta for six terms between 1937 and 1961, chats with Celestine Sibley, a renowned author and Atlanta Constitution journalist.
Celestine Sibley, a prominent Atlanta writer and journalist, receives an honorary doctorate from Emory University in 1996.
Alfred Uhry, a native of Atlanta, is the author of several successful plays, including Driving Miss Daisy (1987), The Last Night of Ballyhoo (1997), and Parade (1998). Uhry has received a Pulitzer Prize, an Academy Award, and several Tony Awards over the course of his career.
Photograph by Carol Rosseg
The spring 2005 issue of the Georgia Review features the work of Savannah artist Nancy Terry Hooten. A photograph of her beaded figure, The One Who Came Before (1998), appears on the cover. A literary journal founded in 1947 at the University of Georgia, the Georgia Review features fiction, poetry, book reviews, and full-color visual art.
Stanley Lindberg served as editor of the Georgia Review from 1977 until his death in 2000. He is credited with transforming this regional literary magazine into an award-winning journal that regularly publishes the work of some of the nation's most renowned writers.
Courtesy of University of Georgia Photographic Services
A WSB television broadcast van painted with call signs and channels for WSB's stations.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Popular Music and Culture Collection.
During a bus driver strike in 1949, Atlanta television station WSB broadcast Rich's in Your Home, a call-in program filmed at Rich's Department Store that allowed customers to place orders for merchandise to be delivered directly to their homes. From left, unidentified cameraman, producer Elmo Ellis, engineer Oliver Heely, and emcee Dwight Horton.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution, WSB-TV Archives.
The original headquarters for CNN were located in a former country club in Atlanta. CNN was based at the club from its start in 1980 until 1987, when it moved into its current headquarters: the Omni International complex.
Courtesy of Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia.
After a career in journalism, Olive Ann Burns was inspired to write her first novel, Cold Sassy Tree, after being diagnosed with cancer in 1975. The book was published in 1984 by Ticknor and Fields; the cover of the 1986 paperback reprint by Dell is pictured.
Olive Ann Burns, a native of Banks County, began her writing career as a journalist for the Atlanta Journal and Constitution Magazine in 1946. She is best known for her novel Cold Sassy Tree (1984), which is set in the fictional town of Cold Sassy, Georgia, and draws upon Burns's family history.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Poet Van K. Brock's most recent collection of poetry, Lightered: New and Selected Poems, was published in 2005 by Anhinga Press. Anhinga, founded by Brock in 1972, publishes poetry chapbooks and holds a national poetry competition each year.
Courtesy of Anhinga Press
Van K. Brock, a Thomas County native, began writing poetry during the 1950s while studying and working at Emory University in Atlanta. In addition to publishing several books of poetry, Brock served as poetry editor for the journal National Forum and as editor for International Quarterly.
Courtesy of Anhinga Press
Journalist Walter J. Brown graduated from the journalism school at the University of Georgia and went on to establish his own news bureau and eventually his own broadcast empire in Georgia and South Carolina. The Walter J. Brown Media Archives, housed in the main library at UGA, are named in his honor.
Courtesy of the Watson-Brown Foundation, Inc.
Several varieties of corn, including flour, flint, dent, pop, and sweet, are grown in Georgia during the summer months. Although the pop and sweet varieties are produced for human consumption, most of the corn raised in Georgia is used for animal feed.
Courtesy of Dewey Lee
A replica of the original Quaker meetinghouse stands in Wrightsborough, which was founded in 1768 as a Quaker community in present-day McDuffie County. Opposed to slavery and therefore unable to compete in Georgia's economy, the Quakers, or Religious Society of Friends, began to leave the area during the late eighteenth century.
Courtesy of Sarah Shaw
Little remains of the Quaker settlement of Wrightsborough, located in present-day McDuffie County.
Courtesy of Forrest Shropshire
Members of the Hebron Presbyterian Church in Banks County take communion during a service in the 1930s. Founded in 1796, Hebron is believed to be the oldest Presbyterian church in the county.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
fra054.
Covenant Presbyterian Church in Atlanta, founded in 1874, is a member of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, which is the largest Presbyterian body in Georgia.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection, 1920-1976.
The First Presbyterian Church of St. Marys is the oldest Presbyterian church building in the state of Georgia. It is also the oldest building in Georgia that has been in continuous use as a church since its erection in 1808.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia.
John Calvin, a sixteenth-century French theologian, founded the Calvinist movement, which emphasizes a doctrine of predestination. The Calvinist theological tradition is the basis of the present-day Presbyterian Church belief system.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
The First Church of Christ Scientist in Thomasville, pictured around 1940, was dedicated in 1918. The Christian Science movement, founded in Massachusetts during the 1860s by Mary Baker Eddy, first arrived in Georgia in 1886, when Julia S. Bartlett, a follower of Eddy's, delivered a lecture in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
tho272.
Mary Baker Eddy founded the Christian Scientists Association in 1876, one year after publishing her book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. Eddy claimed that, through direct revelation, she had acquired an understanding of healing.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Jessica Tandy (as Daisy Werthan) and Morgan Freeman (as Hoke Colburn) on location in Georgia while filming Driving Miss Daisy (1989).
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Burt Reynolds was an actor and filmmaker recognized around the world. Over the course of his career, Reynolds made a number of films in Georgia, including Deliverance (1972), Smokey and the Bandit (1977), The Cannonball Run (1981), and Sharky's Machine (1981).
Antwan Patton, known as "Big Boi," performs in Atlanta in 2011. Big Boi is one member of the Atlanta hip-hop duo OutKast, which he formed with Andre Benjamin in the early 1990s.
Courtesy of Mike White | DEADLYDESIGNS.COM
The hip-hop duo Andre Benjamin and Antwan Patton, known as OutKast, released their first album, Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik, in 1994 on LaFace Records, an Atlanta-based label. Their debut effort sold more than a million copies.
Andre Benjamin, known by his stage name Andre 3000, performs at Austin City Limits Festival in 2014. Benjamin is known for his mystical, abstemious "poet" persona in contrast to fellow OutKast member Big Boi's image as a partying, womanizing "player."
Photograph by Ultra 5280
The Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art, founded in 1937, is housed in the former home of Nicholas Ware, the mayor of Augusta at the time of the home's construction in 1818. Today the Ware house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Courtesy of Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art
Gertrude Herbert Dunn was the daughter of Olivia A. Herbert, who founded the Augusta Art Club in 1937. Located in the historic Ware house, the club was later renamed the Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art and today displays visiting exhibitions of regional and local artists.
Courtesy of Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art
The Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art in Augusta is named for the daughter of Olivia A. Herbert, who founded the Augusta Art Club, the institute's predecessor, in 1937.
Courtesy of Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art
An artist participates in an acrylics workshop at the Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art in Augusta. The institute offers a variety of classes and worshops in its studios, classrooms, and darkrooms.
Courtesy of Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art
Duane Allman was the guitarist for the Allman Brothers Band, which he formed with his younger brother, Gregg, in 1969. The band released its first album on Capricorn Records, a label based in Macon. Allman died in 1971 after being injured in a motorcycle accident.
James Osgood Andrew presided as senior bishop over the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, from 1846 until his death. Andrew College in Cuthbert was named for him.
Courtesy of Andrew College
Grier's Almanac, one of Georgia's longest-running publications, was first published in 1807 and is named for amateur astronomer Robert Grier, who provided astronomical calculations for the almanac until his death in 1848. The 1902 edition was produced during the tenure of Otis Ashmore, who served as editor of the almanac from 1882 to 1934.
This advertisement for Cheney's Expectorant appeared in the 1906 issue of Grier's Almanac, which has been published in Georgia since 1807. Advertisements for the product appeared frequently in the almanac during the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1912 the Atlanta drug company John B. Daniel Inc., which sold the expectorant, purchased the almanac.
This blank "planetary photographic record" was published around 1869 and functioned as a family tree. The keeping of records and the tracing of ancestral lineage was primarily done in earlier centuries to establish a family's nobility. Today these records form an integral part of the historical record.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
The Georgia Historical Society, housed in Hodgson Hall in Savannah, holds one of the largest collections of genealogical records in the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society.
This family record chart was marketed to African American families during the 1880s. Because detailed family records were not typically kept for enslaved people prior to the Civil War, conducting genealogical research has often posed a challenge for Black families. This difficulty is depicted by the chart's pictorial representations of life before and after the war.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
A Pure Oil Company service station, pictured in 1937, sells tires, motor oil, and gasoline to motorists in Dalton. The Pure Oil Company built standardized gas stations, designed to look like English cottages, across Georgia during the 1920s and 1930s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
wtf334.
The Rosier's Tourist Court in Midway, on U.S. Highway 17, is pictured in 1936.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # lib021.
Fred's Famous Peanuts is a roadside stand in White County that sells a variety of peanuts--including boiled, roasted, and fried--to travelers headed to and from Helen. The store, open spring through autumn, also offers jams, honeys, mountain crafts, and a racquetball court.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Geoff L. Johnson.
The Stuckey's restaurant and store chain began as a roadside pecan stand outside of Eastman in the early 1930s. By the 1960s, the stores, which catered to travelers, had spread across the country. This Stuckey's location, located in Altamont, Illinois, features the chain's distinctive teal roof.
Courtesy of Stuckey's Corporation
New automobiles are displayed at a Pontiac showroom in Fulton County in 1941. Such showrooms were often located in downtown areas until the 1950s, when dealerships began to open along major thoroughfares heading away from towns.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ful0093.
A peanut sculpture, featuring a replica of U.S. president Jimmy Carter's famous smile, stands at the entrance of Plains, Carter's hometown. Before entering state politics in the early 1960s, Carter ran his family's peanut farm and warehousing business. He was elected president in 1976.
Courtesy of Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington
Impressionist painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Girl on a Path (no date) is housed by the Brenau University Galleries in Gainesville. The collection was initiated in 1986 and today comprises more than 1,100 paintings, sculptures, artifacts, and prints.
Courtesy of Brenau University
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