A civil war between the United States and the Muscogee (Creeks) erupted in 1813. In a final battle in March 1814 at Horseshoe Bend in Alabama, General Andrew Jackson (left) directed the killing of 800 Muscogee. The Red Stick War officially ended in August 1814 with the Treaty of Fort Jackson.
Image from the New York Public Library Digital Collections, The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection.
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